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MATEMATICS HO Coordinate, Point & Line

The document defines key concepts in geometry including points, lines, distance between points, midpoints of line segments, gradients of lines, equations of lines, intersections of lines, and parallel and perpendicular lines. It provides examples and explanations of how to calculate or determine each concept.

Uploaded by

Najmul Islam
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32 views23 pages

MATEMATICS HO Coordinate, Point & Line

The document defines key concepts in geometry including points, lines, distance between points, midpoints of line segments, gradients of lines, equations of lines, intersections of lines, and parallel and perpendicular lines. It provides examples and explanations of how to calculate or determine each concept.

Uploaded by

Najmul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COORDINATES, POINTS

AND LINES

Name : _______________
Class : 10 ___
Day/date : _______________

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
point

Point can be determined location, but do not have


the size (magnitude) / dimensionless

example:
.A . P
point A point P

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Line
Line is set of the points that only have the length
/ one dimensional

From two points make a line

example
B
ray AB
A
k

line k
A
line segment AB B

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Y
4 B

3
2
1
X
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
A -1
-2

Fig. 1
S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
c p
o o The distance between two points

o i
r n The mid-point of a line segment

d t The gradient of a line segment

i s
n & The equation of a line

a l The points of intersection of two


lines
t i
n Parallel or perpendicular lines
e
e
s
s S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
The distance between two points

The distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2,y2)


(or the length of the line segment joining them) is

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Example:
1. find the length of AB

x
A

Fig. 2
S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
2. Given A(-3,k) and B(9,-1), if the length of AB is 13 units,
find possible values of k.

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
3. Given a triangle ABC, which A(-1,2), B(2,2) and C(2,6).
find the length of each side of the triangle. Determine
whether ∆ABC is a right-angled triangle, an isosceles
triangle or neither of the above.

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
The mid-point of a line segment

The mid-point of the line segment joining(x1, y1)


and (x2,y2) has coordinates

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Example:

1. From Fig. 2, find the mid-point of A

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
2. If M(-2,1) is the midpoint of AB, where A is (-3,2),
find the coordinates of B.

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
3. A(1,5) and B(7,-9) are two points. AB divided into four
equal parts at C, D and E. Find coordinates of C, D and E.

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
The gradient of a line segment

The gradient of the line joining (x1, y1) to (x2,y2) is

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Example
The ends of a line segment are (a-b,a+b) and (a+b,a-b).
Find the length of the line segment, its gradient and the
coordinates of its mid point.

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
The equation of a line

• The equation of the line through


(x1,y1) with gradient m is;
y–y1=m(x-x1)

• The equation of the line through


A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is;
y  y1 x  x1

y 2  y1 x 2  x1
S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Example

1. Find the equation of the line through the


point (2,-3) with gradient -1

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
2. Find the equation of the line joining the
points (3,4) and (-1,2)

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
The point of intersection of
two lines
Suppose that you have two lines with equation
2x – y = 4 and 3x + 2y = -1. How do you find the
coordinates of the point of intersection of these
lines?

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

• Parallel lines (//)


Parallel lines have equal gradient m1=m2

• Perpendicular Lines ( )
Two lines with gradients m1 and m2 are
perpendicular if;
m1m2=-1
S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
Example

1. A(2,1), B(3,4), C(-1,2) and D(-2,-1) are four points.


a) which of the lines AB, BC, CD and DA are parallel?
b) what type of quadrilateral is ABCD?

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011
2. A line is drawn through the point (-1,2) parallel to the
line y + 5x = 2. Find its equation and that of the
perpendicular line through the same point

answer:

S1/W2/HO-1/G.11/Math/RIT-AYA/2010-2011

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