INTERNET ACCESS

VIA CABLE TV
NETWORKS

Sibananda mahanta
0701222279
Branch-information Technology
Contents :
• Introduction
• How to Access Internet using Cable TV Network
• Cable Modem
• Changes in Cable Network
• Connection
• Work Of Cable Modem
• Isolation of TV & PC
• How Fast is Cable Modem
• Real-World Performance
• Ethernet over Coaxial Adapter
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION

 Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks

wired to the user computer.
 Accessing the Internet at 10 megabits per second.
 A cable modem connects to a PC using the same coaxial
cable that brings all channels to your television.
 India has a cable penetration of 80 million homes, offering
a vast network for leveraging the internet access.
How to access the Internet
using the Cable Network

 Use the dial-up telephone services provided

by your Cable Company in conjunction with a
modem or ISDN adapter.

 To use a Cable modem

Cable modem and ISDN Adapter

Cable modem ISDN Adapter

Cable Modem

 A "Cable Modem" is a device that allows high-speed access to the

Internet via a cable TV (CATV) network.

 The cable modem attaches to computer through an Ethernet

Network Interface Card.

 It takes a signal from the computer and converts it for

transmission over the cable network
 Changes in the Cable
Network

 The cable network was designed to deliver TV signals in one

direction from the Head-End to the subscribers homes.

 To provide TV services Cable Operators had to recreate a

portion of the over-the-air radio frequency (RF) spectrum

within a sealed coaxial cable line.

 Operators had to upgrade the cable network so that signals

could flow in both directions.

Cont..
• Cable Operators assign a spectrum of signal frequencies to the cable network.

• One spectrum is used for the signals that move from the Head-End towards

the cable subscriber.

• Another spectrum of signal frequencies are used for the signals that move

from the cable subscriber towards the Head-End.

• By replacing existing one way amplifiers with two way amplifiers Cable

Operators are able to separate the upstream and downstream signals and

amplify each direction separately in the right frequency range

How does it connect?

A Traditional Cable network Cont..

A Modern Cable network
Cont..
• Ethernet 10BaseT is emerging as the most
predominant method.
 How Cable Modem Work
 Your Cable Company supplies you with a connection to your home which in

turn is connected to a splitter box.

 One spur from the splitter box is connected to your TV through a TV

Adapter, the other being connected to your Cable Modem, which in turn

is connected to your computer through an Ethernet connection.

 Cable modems can be part modem, part tuner, part encryption /

decryption device, part bridge, part router, part NIC card and part

Ethernet hub.
 Isolation of TV & PC

 At the connecting point the feeding of the data into the TV cable network.

 The modem with an Ethernet interface.

 They will be connected by means of a splitter at the system outlet of the

subscriber.

 The system uses the frequency range from 5 MHz until 30 MHz, which is
not used from TV programs.
 How fast is a Cable Modem

 Cable modem speeds vary widely

• Depends on the cable modem system
• Cable network architecture
• Traffic load.
 In the downstream direction (from the network to the computer), network speeds

can be up to 27 Mbps
• BUT, this is an aggregate amount of bandwidth that is shared by users.
 Few computers will be capable of connecting at such high speeds or have exclusive

access to the network

• A more realistic number is 1 to 3 Mbps.

Cont..
 How fast is a Cable Modem
 In the upstream direction (from computer to network), speeds can be up
to 10 Mbps.
• However, most modem producers have selected a more optimum
speed between 500 Kbps and 2.5 Mbps
• AND, many cable operators limit the upstream bandwidth to 128 or
384kbs
 An asymmetric cable modem scheme is most common. The downstream
channel has a much higher bandwidth allocation (faster data rate) than
the upstream,
 primarily because Internet applications tend to be asymmetric in nature.
Cont..
 How fast is a Cable Modem

 Activities such as World Wide Web (http) navigating and

newsgroups reading (nntp) send much more data down to
the computer than to the network.
 Mouse clicks (URL requests) and e-mail messages are not
bandwidth intensive in the upstream direction.
 Image files and streaming media (audio and video) are very
bandwidth intensive in the downstream direction.
 Real-World Performance
 The theoretical performance of a Cable Modem is based upon all other

devices being able to work at the same speed and performance as the

Cable Modem.
 However, in a similar way that the actual usable bandwidth on a 10Mbps

Ethernet connection reduces to a 4Mbps, so too will the performance of

a Cable Modem connection be reduced.

 The Cable network itself will suffer the same problems of Internet

performance as any other Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Cont..
 Real-World Performance

 Although performance to services on the cable network

itself can be amazingly fast, access to 'the outside world'

will be slowed down by the performance of other

connections on the way.

 As usage on your segment grows (as more customers are

added) the bandwidth must be shared by more people.
 Support for Multiple PCs
 A cable modem can provide Internet access to multiple PCs,
if they are connected via a local area network (LAN)
 Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they
can connect to the LAN with a standard Ethernet hub or
router
 Each PC must have an assigned IP address
• The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a
month per PC
• NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple
PCs to "hide" behind a single IP Address
Ethernet over Coax Adapter
Ethernet Coaxial Adapter :-
Ethernet over Coax Adapter
 The Ethernet over Coax adapter provides a simple and inexpensive way

to create a reliable home network, without running CAT5 cables through

your walls.

 It delivers high speed internet, voice and video over coaxial cable.

 Ideal for homes, apartment buildings or hotels seeking to add high-

speed internet capabilities over existing coaxial TV cables.

 Advantages
 High Availability

 High Bandwidth to Low Coast

 High Speed Data Access

 Always on Connectivity
 Limitation

Cable connections are not available in every

neighbourhood, Because cable connections are

‘Always on,’ one needs a firewall and activation of

other security features so as to protect the

computer
 Applications
 Connect set-top boxes, personal computers, game consoles,
broadband modems etc. to your home network instantly.

 Add high-speed internet, digital voice and video access to any room
with a coaxial TV cable.

 Ideal for homes, apartment buildings or hotels seeking to add high-

speed.
 Conclusion

 Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and therefore

offering the Internet through cable be a scope for furthering

the growth of internet usage in the homes.

 The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet

Services in the US, there are a million homes with cable modems,

enabling the high-speed internet access over cable

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