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Object Oriented Programming Inharitance

Object-oriented programming (OOP) uses inheritance, where a derived class inherits characteristics from a base class. The derived class contains all members of the base class and can define new members. The base class is also called the parent class. Inheritance is modeled using the "is-a" relationship, with syntax like "class Derived : public Base". Constructors and destructors are called in the reverse order - the derived class destructor is called before the base class destructor, and the base class constructor is called before the derived class constructor.

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Sulaman Sadiq
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114 views

Object Oriented Programming Inharitance

Object-oriented programming (OOP) uses inheritance, where a derived class inherits characteristics from a base class. The derived class contains all members of the base class and can define new members. The base class is also called the parent class. Inheritance is modeled using the "is-a" relationship, with syntax like "class Derived : public Base". Constructors and destructors are called in the reverse order - the derived class destructor is called before the base class destructor, and the base class constructor is called before the derived class constructor.

Uploaded by

Sulaman Sadiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECT-ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING
(OOP)
INHERITANCE IN CLASSES

 Ifa class B inherits from class A, then B


contains all the characteristics (information
structure and behavior) of class A
 The parent class is called base class and the
child class is called derived class
 Besides inherited characteristics, derived class
may have its own unique characteristics
Parent Class Base Class

Child Class Derived Class


“IS A” RELATIONSHIP

 IS
A relationship is modeled with the help of
public inheritance

 Syntax
class ChildClass
: public BaseClass{
...
};
EXAMPLE

class Person{
...
};
class Student: public Person{
...
};
ACCESSING MEMBERS

 Public members of base class become public member of


derived class
 Private members of base class are not accessible from
outside of base class, even in the derived class
(Information Hiding)
ALLOCATION IN MEMORY

 The object of derived class is represented in memory as


follows

base member1
base member2 Data members of
... base class
derived member1 Data members of
derived member2 derived class
...
ALLOCATION IN MEMORY

 Every object of derived class has an anonymous object


of base class
CONSTRUCTORS

 The anonymous object of base class must be initialized


using constructor of base class
 When a derived class object is created the constructor
of base class is executed before the constructor of
derived class
CONSTRUCTORS

base member1 Base class constructor


base member2 initializes the
... anonymous object
derived member1 Derived class
derived member2 constructor initializes
... the derived class object
EXAMPLE
class Parent{
public:
Parent(){ cout <<
“Parent Constructor...”;}
};
class Child : public Parent{
public:
Child(){ cout <<
“Child Constructor...”;}
};
EXAMPLE

int main(){
Child cobj;
return 0;
}

Output:
Parent Constructor...
Child Constructor...
CONSTRUCTOR

 If default constructor of base class does not exist then


the compiler will try to generate a default constructor
for base class and execute it before executing
constructor of derived class
BASE CLASS INITIALIZER

 C++ has provided a mechanism to explicitly call a


constructor of base class from derived class

 The syntax is similar to member initializer and is


referred as base-class initialization
EXAMPLE

class Parent{
public:
Parent(int i){…};
};
class Child : public Parent{
public:
Child(int i): Parent(i)
{…}
};
EXAMPLE

class Parent{
public:
Parent(){cout <<
“Parent Constructor...”;}
...
};
class Child : public Parent{
public:
Child():Parent()
{cout << “Child Constructor...”;}
...
};
BASE CLASS INITIALIZER

 User can provide base class initializer and member


initializer simultaneously
EXAMPLE

class Parent{
public:
Parent(){…}
};
class Child : public Parent{
int member;
public:
Child():member(0), Parent()
{…}
};
BASE CLASS INITIALIZER

 The base class initializer can be written after member


initializer for derived class
 The base class constructor is executed before the
initialization of data members of derived class.
INITIALIZING MEMBERS

 Derived class can only initialize members of base class


using overloaded constructors
 Derived class can not initialize the public data member of
base class using member initialization list
EXAMPLE

class Person{
public:
int age;
char *name;
...
public:
Person();
};
EXAMPLE

class Student: public Person{


private:
int semester;
...
public:
Student(int a):age(a)
{ //error
}
};
DESTRUCTORS

 Destructors are called in reverse order of constructor


called
 Derived class destructor is called before the base class
destructor is called
EXAMPLE

class Parent{
public:
Parent(){cout <<“Parent Constructor”;}
~Parent(){cout<<“Parent Destructor”;}
};

class Child : public Parent{


public:
Child(){cout << “Child Constructor”;}
~Child(){cout << “Child Destructo”;}
};
EXAMPLE

Output:

Parent Constructor
Child Constructor
Child Destructor
Parent Destructor

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