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3D Printing

3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that creates 3D objects by laying down successive layers of material. There are several methods for 3D printing, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA). 3D models are first created digitally using 3D scanning or CAD software and then converted into file formats like STL or 3MF for printing. 3D printers are available for various applications and industries, while online services offer printing and models. Key challenges include achieving true color objects and supporting overhanging structures.

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115 views26 pages

3D Printing

3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that creates 3D objects by laying down successive layers of material. There are several methods for 3D printing, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA). 3D models are first created digitally using 3D scanning or CAD software and then converted into file formats like STL or 3MF for printing. 3D printers are available for various applications and industries, while online services offer printing and models. Key challenges include achieving true color objects and supporting overhanging structures.

Uploaded by

9986212378
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3D Printing

Yingcai Xiao
3D Printing

What and How


Categories
3D Model Creation
File Formats
Printers
Applications
Services
Challenges
What is 3D Printing?

• A manufacturing process
• 3D objects
• Additive (one layer at a time)
• According to 3D models

http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-
printing/#whatitis
What is 3D Printing?

"Rapid prototyping slicing"


by Materialgeeza - Own
work. Licensed under CC
BY-SA 3.0 via Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/File:Rapid_prototy
ping_slicing.jpg#/media/File
:Rapid_prototyping_slicing.
jpg
How does it work?

• Additive: one layer at a time


• Common methods for producing layers:
FDM, SLS, SLA
• FDM: fused deposition modeling
• SLS: selective laser sintering
• SLA: stereolithography
Categories of Additive Manufacturing
(American Society for Testing and Materials)

• Extrusion Deposit
• Vat Photopolymerisation
• Material Jetting
• Binder Jetting
• Powder Bed Fusion
• Sheet Lamination
• Directed Energy Deposition
Extrusion Deposit
• A.k.a: fused deposition
modeling (FDM)
• Most commonly used
• Prototyping
• Inexpesive

"FDM by Zureks" by
Zureks - Own work.
Licensed under GFDL via
Commons -
https://commons.wikimed
ia.org/wiki/File:FDM_by_Z
ureks.png#/media/File:FD
M_by_Zureks.png
Extrusion Deposit
• Structure of an Extruder
• Demo of FDM
https://youtu.be/WHO6G67GJbM

"Extruder lemio" by Lemio -


http://reprap.org/wiki/File:Extr
uder_lemio.svg. Licensed
under GFDL via Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.o
rg/wiki/File:Extruder_lemio.sv
g#/media/File:Extruder_lemio.
svg
Extrusion Deposit

Extrusion Materials
• acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
• polylactic acid (PLA)
• high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
• thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
• aliphatic polyamides (nylon),
• Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
• paste-like materials (ceramic, chocolate, …)
Powder Bed Fusion

• E.g.: Selective laser sintering (SLS)


"Selective laser melting system schematic" by Materialgeeza - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-
SA 3.0 via Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selective_laser_melting_system_schematic.jpg#/media/
File:Selective_laser_melting_system_schematic.jpg
Powder Bed Fusion

• Selective laser sintering (SLS)


• Developed in 1980s at UT Austin
• Pattern expired 2014
• Materials: metals, polymers, nylon
• In powder form.
• Un-melted powder becomes supporting
material.
Vat Photopolymerisation

Examples:
SLA (stereolithography)
CLIP (Continuous Liquid
Interface Production)

"Stereolithography apparatus" by
Materialgeeza - Own work.
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via
Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wik
i/File:Stereolithography_apparatus.
jpg#/media/File:Stereolithography_
apparatus.jpg
Material Jetting

Image source: CustomPartNet


Image source:
CustomPartNet
Binder Jetting

Image source:
additively.com
3D Model Creation

• 3D Scanners
e.g.: Kinect
• CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software
e.g.: AutoCAD (free for students)
http://www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/all

• Visualization software
e.g. VTK
http://www.vtk.org/
3D Print File Format

STL: STereoLithography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29
• By 3D Systems
• Triangulated surface meshes
• ASCII or binary
• No unit
• No color
3D Print File Format

3MF: 3D Manufacturing Format


www.3mf.io
• Geometries (Triangulated, NURBs, …)
• Materials (Color, Texture, Composite)
• Open source
3D Print File Format
3D Print File Format

3MF: 3D Manufacturing Format www.3mf.io


• Microsoft
• Consortium
• https://github.com/3mfconsortium
• Microsoft donated code reads STL/OBJ/3MF, writes 3MF
• http://www.3mf.io/what-is-3mf/3mf-specification/
3D Print File Format

3MF Example created by


Kinect

Supported in Windows 10
3D Printers

• Prusa (RepRap.org)
• MakerBot Replicator
• LulzBot TAZ
• MakerGear
• Formlabs
• Ultimaker
• Polymaker (printing materials)
Applications

• Prototyping
• Manufacturing
(cars, houses,..)
• Arts
• Entertainment
• Medicine
• Food
• Personal
https://www.google.com/search?q=3D+printing&biw=1280&bih=689&source=lnms&tbm
=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAgQ_AUoA2oVChMI3rKu4IWLyAIVi0mSCh1NwQpL
3D Printing Services

Printing Services:
• Sculpteo
• Ponoko
• Shapeways
3D Printing Services

Model Services:
• Pinshape
• CGTrader
• MyMiniFactory
• Thingiverse
• Yeggi
Challenges in 3D Printing

• True color objects


• Supporting curved objects in
FDM
• Voxelization (non smooth
surface and internal fracture)
Summary
Infographics by Sculpteo
http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-
printing/#whatitis

http://3dprint.com

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