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Course: Introduction To Computers: Basic Computer Concepts

This document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, and produce output. It outlines that a computer system consists of both hardware and software. The major hardware components are the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. The document also explains basic computer operations in terms of the input, processing, output, and storage model.

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Maha Ali
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111 views18 pages

Course: Introduction To Computers: Basic Computer Concepts

This document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, and produce output. It outlines that a computer system consists of both hardware and software. The major hardware components are the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. The document also explains basic computer operations in terms of the input, processing, output, and storage model.

Uploaded by

Maha Ali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course: Introduction to Computers

BASIC
COMPUTER
CONCEPTS
What Is A Computer?
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of
instructions (software) stored in its own
memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate data (process), and
produce information (output) from the
processing. Generally, the term is used
to describe a collection of devices that
function together as a system.
Major Components of a Computer
 A computer system consists of two main parts: hardware
and software.

 Hardware is the electronic and mechanical parts of a


computer system.
 Software is the data and the computer programs of a
computer system.
Hardware vs. Software
 Hardware
 The computer equipment
 Includes printers, monitors, disk drives, etc.

 Software
 Programs which tell the computer what to do
 Examples - word processing, grade book,
tutorials, games, etc.
Computer Operations

Input Processing Output

Storage
Input-Process-Output Model (IPO)

 Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner, punch cards


 Processing: CPU executes the computer program
 Output: monitor, printer, fax machine
 Storage: hard drive, optical media, diskettes, magnetic tape
What Are The Primary Components Of A
Computer ?
 Input devices.
 Central Processing
Unit (containing
the control unit and
the arithmetic/logic
unit).
 Memory.
 Output devices.
 Storage devices.
Input Devices
Computers accept information from the
outside world.
The keyboard is the most common input
device.
Pointing devices like the mouse also
receive input.
Process Information

The processor, or central processing unit


(CPU), processes information, and
performs all the necessary arithmetic
calculations. The CPU is like the “brain” of
the computer.
Output Devices

Computers produce information and send it


to the outside world.
A video monitor is a common output
device.
Printers also produce output.
Store Information
Memory and storage devices are used to
store information.
Primary storage is the computer’s main
memory.
Secondary storage uses disks or other
media.

Primary storage Secondary storage


Buses, Ports, and Peripherals
Information travels
between components
through groups of
wires called buses.
Buses, Ports, and Peripherals

Peripherals:
 areexternal devices for receiving input or
producing output (keyboard, monitor, and
mouse).
 communicate with other parts of the system.
Buses, Ports, and Peripherals
Provide attachment and
communication with
external devices by
means of:
Slots:-
(for internal attachment)
Ports:-
(for external attachments)
Benefits of Using Computers

 Error-free calculations
 Speed
 Flexibility
 Storage
 Consistency and repetition
How Computer present the data

 Most computers are digital. They


recognize only two discrete
states; on and off.
 Computers are electronic devices
powered by electricity, having
only two states; on and off.
Data Representation

 The digit 0 represent the


electronic state on and digit 1
represent the electronic state off.
 This is called binary data
representation
Binary system

 Itis a number system that has just


two unique digits,0 and 1,called bits.
 Binary Conversion

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