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Real Time Operating Systems

Some key points about RTOS: - Hard real-time systems have time-critical deadlines that must always be met to prevent catastrophic failure, while soft real-time systems allow occasional missed deadlines. - Components of an RTOS include task management, memory management, interrupt handling, I/O management, and communication subsystems. - Popular commercial RTOS include VxWorks, QNX, LynxOS, and pSoS. They are

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150 views15 pages

Real Time Operating Systems

Some key points about RTOS: - Hard real-time systems have time-critical deadlines that must always be met to prevent catastrophic failure, while soft real-time systems allow occasional missed deadlines. - Components of an RTOS include task management, memory management, interrupt handling, I/O management, and communication subsystems. - Popular commercial RTOS include VxWorks, QNX, LynxOS, and pSoS. They are

Uploaded by

Saro Vrs
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Real Time Operating

Systems
Presentation Outline

 Definition of real-time
 Characteristics of RTOS’s
 Components of an RTOS
 Case Study
 Commercial RTOS

 OpenSource RTOS
What is Real Time ?

 “ Real time in operating systems:

The ability of the operating system to provide a


required level of service in a bounded response
time.”
- POSIX Standard 1003.1
Soft RTOS…
 In a soft real-time system, it is considered
undesirable, but not catastrophic, if deadlines are
occasionally missed.
 Also known as “best effort” systems
 Most modern operating systems can serve as the
base for a soft real time systems.
 Examples:
 multimedia transmission and reception,
 networking, telecom (cellular) networks,
 web sites and services
 computer games.
Hard RTOS…
 A hard real-time system has time-critical deadlines
that must be met; otherwise a catastrophic system
failure can occur.
 Absolutely, positively, first time every time
 Requires formal verification/guarantees of being to
always meet its hard deadlines (except for fatal
errors).
 Examples:
 air traffic control

 vehicle subsystems control

 Nuclear power plant control


Components of an RTOS
 Process (task) management
 Scheduler
 Synchronization mechanism
Interprocess communication (IPC)
 Semaphores
 Memory management
 Interrupt service mechanism
 I/O management , H.A.Layer
 Development Environments
 Communication subsystems (Option)
 Board Support Packages (BSP)
Commercial RTOS
 Commercial RTOSes different from traditional OS –
gives more predictability
 Used in the following areas such as:
 Embedded Systems or Industrial Control Systems

 Parallel and Distributed Systems

 E.g. LynxOS, VxWorks, pSoS, QNX , bluecat


 Traditionally these systems can be classified into a
Uniprocessor, Multiprocessor or Distributed Real-Time
OS
Lynx OS
 Microkernel design
 Means the kernel footprint is small
 Only 28 KB in size
 The small kernel provides essential services in
scheduling, interrupt dispatching and synchronization
 The other services are provided by kernel lightweight
service modules, called Kernel Plug-Ins (KPIs)
 New KPIs can be added to the microkernel and can
be configured to support I/O, file systems, TCP/IP,
streams and sockets
 Can function as a multipurpose UNIX OS
QNX/ Neutrino

 POSIX-compliant Unix-like real-time operating


system.
 Microkernel design – kernel provides essential
threads and real-time services
 use of a microkernel allows users (developers) to
turn off any functionality they do not require without
having to change the OS itself.
 The system is quite small, fitting in a minimal
fashion on a single floppy, and is considered to be
both very fast and fairly "complete."
 The footprint of microkernel is 12kb.
VRTX ( Virtual Real-Time Executive )

 VRTX has two multitasking kernels


 VRTXsa (scalable architecture )
 designed for performance
 Provides priority inheritance, POSIX compliant libraries
 Supports multiprocessing
 System calls fully preemptable and deterministic
 VRTXmc (micro-controller)
 Designed for low memory consumption
 Used for cellular phones and hand-held devices
 Rather than providing optional components provides
hooks for extensibility – application can add its own
system calls
VxWorks
 Created by Wind River.
 Current Version: VxWorks 6.0 
 VxWorks is the most established and most widely
deployed device software operating system.
 Currently there are more than 300 million devices
that are VxWorks enabled.
 The core attributes of VxWorks, include high
performance, reliability, determinism, low latency
and scalability.
Open Source Real-time Operating
Systems – An Introduction
Outline

 Introduction
 eCos
 Free RTOS
 RTLinux
 RTAI
 MicroC/OSII
Linux Kernel
RTLinux Kernel
Thank You

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