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    Air Quality 101: Clean Air Act Overview/ Update

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    Jeong
    The document summarizes the Clean Air Act and State Implementation Plans. It outlines the origins and six titles of the Clean Air Act, including provisions for national ambient air quality standards, hazardous air pollutants, acid deposition, and operating permits. It also describes how State Implementation Plans are developed by states and tribes to implement and enforce national standards within their jurisdictions through adopted regulations and air quality control strategies.

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    Air Quality 101: Clean Air Act Overview/ Update

    Uploaded by

    Jeong
    42 views28 pages
    The document summarizes the Clean Air Act and State Implementation Plans. It outlines the origins and six titles of the Clean Air Act, including provisions for national ambient air quality standards, hazardous air pollutants, acid deposition, and operating permits. It also describes how State Implementation Plans are developed by states and tribes to implement and enforce national standards within their jurisdictions through adopted regulations and air quality control strategies.

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    The document summarizes the Clean Air Act and State Implementation Plans. It outlines the origins and six titles of the Clean Air Act, including provisions for national ambient air quality standards, hazardous air pollutants, acid deposition, and operating permits. It also describes how State Implementation Plans are developed by states and tribes to implement and enforce national standards within their jurisdictions through adopted regulations and air quality control strategies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views28 pages

    Air Quality 101: Clean Air Act Overview/ Update

    Uploaded by

    Jeong
    The document summarizes the Clean Air Act and State Implementation Plans. It outlines the origins and six titles of the Clean Air Act, including provisions for national ambient air quality standards, hazardous air pollutants, acid deposition, and operating permits. It also describes how State Implementation Plans are developed by states and tribes to implement and enforce national standards within their jurisdictions through adopted regulations and air quality control strategies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 28

    Air Quality

    101: Clean
    Air Act
    Overview/
    Update
    Origins of the Clean Air Act

    • Historic air pollution


    • Donora, Pennsylvania, 1948
    • 1970
    • 1977 – PSD, tribes included
    • 1990
    • 2000 – 2006 updates

    2
    Titles of the Clean Air Act
    • Title I—PSD, NAAQS
    • Title II—Mobile Sources
    • Title III—HAPs
    • Title IV—Acid Deposition
    • Title V—Permits
    • Title VI—Stratospheric Ozone

    3
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Title I
    NAAQS
    • Attainment areas
    • Non-attainment areas
    • National Ambient Air Quality
    Standards (NAAQS)

    4
    Criteria Pollutants
    • Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
    • Lead
    • NOx
    • SO2
    • CO
    • VOCs (ozone precursors)

    5
    Prevention of Significant
    Deterioration
    • How the PSD rule was developed
    • Class I– Pristine
    • Class II– Moderate emissions
    growth
    • Class III– Maximum emissions
    growth

    6
    New Non-
    Source Attainment
    Review
    (NSR) NAAQS

    Prevention of ( III )
    Significant
    Deterioration Attainment
    (PSD) ( II )

    Existing/Baseline
    (I)
    (concentration)

    Airshed Designations (Classes) Under the PSD Program


    7
    PSD Redesignations
    1977–2009
    • Northern Cheyenne
    • Fort Peck
    • Confederated Salish & Kootenai
    • Spokane Tribe
    • Forest County Potawatomi
    • Yavapai Apache (not finalized)

    8
    National Ambient
    Air Quality Standards
    • EPA required to review every 5
    years
    • Recent changes
    – Ozone
    – PM
    – Lead

    9
    NAAQS for Ozone (1997)
    • 8-hour standard is 0.075 ppm
    • 4th highest annual average value
    • Average of 3 most recent years
    – e.g., (2004 + 2005 + 2006) / 3<0.075
    ppm
    • If >0.075 ppm, nonattainment
    • 1-hour standard is 0.12 ppm

    10
    NAAQS for PM10

    • PM10 @ 150 µ/m3 (24-hour average)


    99th % averaged over 3 years
    • Will be vacated within 24 months

    11
    NAAQS for PM2.5

    • PM2.5 @ 15 µ/m3 (annual average)


    • PM2.5 @ 35 µ/m3 (24-hour average)
    98th % averaged over 3 years
    (can be multiple locations)

    12
    NAAQS for Lead

    • Final rule signed Oct. 15, 2008


    • 0.15 µ/m3 (rolling 90-day average)
    • 1.5 µ/m3 (quarterly average)

    13
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Section 112
    Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS)
    • 189 HAPS identified by Congress
    – Caprolactam removed in 1996
    – Glycol Ethers and MEK removed in 2003 and
    2005
    • “Technology-Based Standards”
    – MACT/BACT
    • Program can be delegated to states
    and tribes that seek authority
    14
    National Visibility Goal

    Prevention of future, & remedying of


    existing, visibility impairment in
    mandatory Class I federal areas resulting
    from human-made air pollution

    15
    Regional Haze Rule
    • Promulgated July 1999
    • Mandatory federal Class I areas
    • One “deciview” improvement each 10
    years
    • Regional planning organizations
    • SIP planning to attain background by 2064

    16
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Title II
    Mobile Source Provisions
    • Reserved for EPA (few exceptions)
    • New vehicle standards
    – On-road
    – Off-road
    – Diesel
    – Locomotives
    – Gasoline formulations
    – Recently worked to include Administrations “10
    in 20” GHG rules for mobile sources and fuels
    17
    Title 3: General Provisions
    • We generally call Section 112 “Title 3”
    • Contains
    – Tribal Authority (301)
    – Disadvantages business
    – Emergency powers
    – Citizen suits
    – Administrative provisions and judicial review
    – Air quality monitoring and modeling

    18
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Title IV
    Acid Deposition Program
    • Establishes cap and trade allowances
    for
    – Sulfur dioxide
    – Nitrogen oxides
    • Program is working better than
    expected

    19
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Title V
    Operating Permits
    • Major sources
    • HAP sources and criteria pollutants
    • Delegated to states and tribes
    • Significant fees/revenues

    20
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Title VI

    Stratospheric Ozone Protection


    • CFC production ban of 1996
    • Bans on other substances to follow
    (e.g., CCl4 now banned)

    21
    CAA Amendments
    of 1990: Summary
    Six titles address major pollutants
    • Act still being tweaked, no major
    rewrites since 1990
    • New actions likely to address
    climate change
    • Evolving role of non-federal
    regulators
    22
    State (and Tribal)
    Implementation Plans
    • CAA §110 requires each state to submit a plan
    • Addresses NAAQS (CAA §109 & 40CFR 50.4 through
    50.12)
    • Contains: control measures and strategies
    – To “attain and maintain”
    • Developed through a public process
    • Formally adopted by the state (legislation) and
    submitted by the Governor’s designee
    • EPA reviews and approves if consistent with CAA

    23
    State (and Tribal)
    Implementation Plans (cont.)
    • CAA §110 specifies requirements applicable to all
    areas
    • Part D of Title 1 specifies additional requirements
    applicable to nonattainment areas
    • SIP elements include:
    – Emission inventories
    – Monitoring network
    – Air quality analysis
    – Modeling
    – Attainment demonstration
    – Enforcement mechanisms
    – Regulations adopted to maintain or attain NAAQS
    24
    State (and Tribal)
    Implementation Plans (cont.)
    • Contents of a typical SIP include
    1. Adopted control measures
    • Rules/regulations or source specific requirements (orders
    and consent decrees)
    2. Submitted comprehensive air quality plans
    • Attainment plans, maintenance plans, rate of progress
    plans, transportation control plans
    • That demonstrate how these plans will bring about or
    keep air quality in compliance with the NAAQS
    3. Submitted “non-regulatory” programs
    • Emission inventories, compliance assistance programs,
    demonstrations of legal authority, monitoring networks
    4. Additional requirements promulgated by
    25
    EPA
    State (and Tribal)
    Implementation Plans (cont.)
    • Relationship to NAAQS
    – Plans provide for implementation, maintenance and
    enforcement of the NAAQS
    – Areas designated non-attainment are subject to additional
    planning and control requirements
    • Federal Enforceability
    – Once approved, EPA is authorized to take enforcement
    action against violators

    26
    Summary
    • Reviewed 1990 CAA Amendments
    • Reviewed SIP/TIP requirements
    • How SIP/TIP fits into CAA and AQM

    27
    Any questions?

    Darrel Harmon
    Senior Indian Program Manager
    US EPA Headquarters
    1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
    Washington DC 20460
    202-564-7416
    [email protected]

    28

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