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Astronomy 2

The document contains 3 examples of calculating the azimuth of the sun at different latitudes based on observations of the sun's altitude and consulting solar ephemerides to determine the sun's declination. It also provides 2 examples of determining azimuth by observing Polaris and using the hour angle, declination, and measured horizontal angle. The examples show calculating longitude from the difference between local apparent time determined from sun observations and watch time, accounting for equation of time. It also demonstrates calculating latitude by measuring the angle and azimuth of a star and using its known declination.

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jerald lago
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476 views14 pages

Astronomy 2

The document contains 3 examples of calculating the azimuth of the sun at different latitudes based on observations of the sun's altitude and consulting solar ephemerides to determine the sun's declination. It also provides 2 examples of determining azimuth by observing Polaris and using the hour angle, declination, and measured horizontal angle. The examples show calculating longitude from the difference between local apparent time determined from sun observations and watch time, accounting for equation of time. It also demonstrates calculating latitude by measuring the angle and azimuth of a star and using its known declination.

Uploaded by

jerald lago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASTRONOMY

SUBMITTED BY: JONATHAN G. FLORES


SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. JAMES
RINGOR(INSTRUCTOR)
Determination Azimuth of the Sun
An observation at the sun was made at a latitude at 41-20 N. The altitude at
the center of the sun after correction for refraction and parallax was 46-40
by consulting a solar sphemeris, tge declination of the sun at the instant of
observation was found to be 7-58 N
*what is the azimuth of the sun?

soltion.: L= 41-20 , C=90- 41-20 b=90-D


C=48-40 b=82-02
using cosine law:
Cosb= cos a cos c + sina sinc cos b
Cos 82-02 = cos 43-12 cos 48-40 + sin 43-12 sin 48-40 cos B
B= 131-50
If observation is in the morning
Azimuth=180 + 131-50
Ans .Azimuth= 331-50
Determination Azimuth of the Sun
An observation at the sun was made at a latitude at 45-26 N. The altitude at
the center of the sun after correction for refraction and parallax was 56-25 by
consulting a solar sphemeris, the declination of the sun at the instant of
observation was found to be 09-50 N
*what is the azimuth of the sun?

solution.: L= 45-26 , C=90 - 45-26 , b=09-50- 90 90-H = ZENITH DIST(a)


C=44-34 b=80-10 zenith dist.= 33-35
using cosine law:
Cosb= cos a cos c + sina sinc cos b
Cos 82-02 = cos 33-35 cos 44-34 + sin 33-35 sin 44-34 cos B
B= 85-53
If observation is in the morning
Azimuth=180 + 85-53
Ans .Azimuth= 265-53
Det. of azimuth by polaries
observation
The latitude and longitude of a station occuppied by an observer is 39-30-46N and
104-59-10W.
Eastern Local hour angle of Polaris= 118-46-35
Declination of polaris= + 89-12-37
The observer back sighted a reference mark and measured a horizontal angle of
258-19-58 to polaries.
Solution.
Tan A =Sin T ÷cosø tan δ- sin ø cos t
A= Azimuth of polaries
T= hour angle
Ø= latitude
δ= declination

Tan A=Sin 118-46-35÷ cos 39-49-46 tan 89-12-37 – sin 39-49-46 cos 118-46-35
ans.: A= 00-53-47
Det. of azimuth by polaries
observation
The latitude and longitude of a station occuppied by an observer is 43-02-25 N and
104-59-10W.
Eastern Local hour angle of Polaris= 125-15-10
Declination of polaris= + 87-28-15
The observer back sighted a reference mark and measured a horizontal angle of
258-19-58 to polaries.
Solution.
Tan A =Sin T ÷cosø tan δ- sin ø cos t
A= Azimuth of polaries
T= hour angle
Ø= latitude
δ= declination

Tan A=Sin 125-15-10 ÷ cos 43-02-25 tan 87-28-15 – sin 43-02-25 cos 125-15-10
ans.: A= 23-54-25.76
2.) DETERMINATION
OF AZIMUTH IN ANY MARK BY USE
AZIMUTH OF THE SUN.

Azimuth of mark= 101-40-02 + 00-53-47

ans.: Azimuth of mark= 102-33-49


2.) DETERMINATION
OF AZIMUTH IN ANY MARK BY USE
AZIMUTH OF THE SUN.

Azimuth of mark= 101-40-02 + 23-54-25.76

ans.: Azimuth of mark= 125-34-27.76


Determination of longitude
From an observation of the sun, the local apparent time is computed to be 3h 12m
30s . The watch time reading is 4h 51m 30s . The equation of the time of the day is
12m 12.1s. The watch is 40s too slow of the phil. Standard time.
• Compute the longitude of the place of observation.
Solution: standard time= 4h 51m 30s + 40 s
=4h 52m 10s
local civil time= 3h 12m 30s –(- 12m 12.1s)
=4h 24m 42.1s
Longitude of place:
Longitude diff.= standard time – local civil time
=4h 52m 10s – 4h 24m 42.1s
Longitude diff.=06-51-58.5

Note 15= 1hr of time


Longitude= 120 + 06-51-58.5
ans.: longitude-= 126-51-58.5
Determination of longitude
From an observation of the sun, the local apparent time is computed to be 4h 11m
59.8s . The watch time reading is 3h 53m 41s . The equation of the time of the day
is 15m 33.3s. The watch is 30s too slow of the phil. Standard time.
• Compute the longitude of the place of observation.
Solution: standard time= 3h 43m 41s + 30 s
=3h 54m 11s
local civil time= 4h 11m 59.8s –(- 15m 33.3s)
=4h 27m 33.1s
Longitude of place:
Longitude diff.= standard time – local civil time
=3h 54m 11s – 4h 27m 33.1s
Longitude diff.=8-20-45

Note 15= 1hr of time


Longitude= 120 + 8-21-45
ans.: longitude-= 128-20-45
Determination of latitude
A star has an angle of 52-30 and an azimuth of 93-11. the stars declination during the
observation is + 6-30.
*compute the latitude of the place observation.
Solution:
Cos ½ (40-41)⁄cos ½ (145-41)= tan ½(135-38)⁄tan ½ c zenith dist.= 52-08 (a)
B-A=93-11 – 52-30
B-A= 40- 41
B+A= 93-11+ 52-30
B+A= 145- 41
b+a= 83-30 + 52-08
b+a= 135-38
Cos ½( 40-41)⁄cos ½(145-41)= tab ½(135-38)⁄tan ½ c
½ c= 37-39
C= 75-18
90-L= 75-18
L= 14-42 N( LATITUDE)
Determination of latitude
A star has an angle of 50-45 and an azimuth of 80-50. the stars declination during the
observation is + 6-30.
*compute the latitude of the place observation.
Solution:
Cos ½ (40-41)⁄cos ½ (145-41)= tan ½(135-38)⁄tan ½ c zenith distance= 65-02
B-A=80-50 – 50-45
B-A= 30-05
B+A= 80-50+ 50-45
B+A= 131-35
b+a= 83-30 + 65-02
b+a= 148-32
Cos ½( 40-41)⁄cos ½(145-41)= tab ½(135-38)⁄tan ½ c
½ c= 37-39
C= 75-18
90-L= 75-18
L= 14-42 N( LATITUDE)
Determination of altitude
• The observed meridian altitude of a star on april 10,1990 was 39-24, star bearing
south. Refraction corrections is 1-11. the declination of the star at that instant was
-8-29-21.
*determine the corrected altitude.
Solution:
Corrected altitude:
Observed altitude= 39-24-00 + 0-01-11
ans: Altitude H= 39-22-49
Declination of the sun
A solar observation was observed in the afternoon. Station occupied is t-1 and the
station observed is T-2. initial reading of mark is 178-36-00. angle A as computed
from the formula is equal to 103-25-18. the computed mean horizontal angle is
103-28-30. north polar distance from table is 70-36-24. variation per hour is – o-
37-57. time of observation is 3:45:45 pm.

*compute the declination at the instant observation from the sun.

Solution :

Note: angle A is on the west if observed on the afternoon.


ᶱ =103-28-30 – 103-25-18
ᶿ= 00-03-12 W ( declination)

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