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Multi-Carrier Strategy Training

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 HSDPA 性能研究与华为解决方案汇报

Introduction

Key feature

Strategy and Pros vs Cons

Evaluation

Cases

2
 Introduction
• Background:
Remark: Multi-carrier strategy also include multi-band situation, such as
U900+U2100.
1501
 With the steady growth of radio services especially the data services,
1221
operators need to expand the capacity of the live network and add
more carriers are one of the choices. Currently multi-band and multi- 911
carrier networking has become a main scenario for lots of operator’s live 621
networks.
389
 According to the analysis of the operators requirements we classify them 274
into two categories and they are Prefer system capacity and Prefer
voice quality.
 Deploying different strategies will meet different operator’s requirements in
different scenarios

Neighboring
SPG Algorithm
• Strategy content ： Cell Manage
Setting Switch

Campin
g Access HSPA+
Policy Load Mobility Status
Policy Balance Transition
Policy
Policy

Multi-Carrier Strategy

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 Access policy feature – DRD - Directed Retry Decision
RAN12
RAB Setup procedure Combine UE and cell Technology
priority

DRD: Directed Retry

DRD feature For
Decision
access
procedure

If Technology Priority and

Cell priority are same

• In RAN11.0 and earlier versions, DRD is implemented based on blind handover (that is, the cell signal quality
meets certain threshold, but not to measure the target cell).

• In RAN12.0, the original DRD algorithm implementation is kept, and measurement-based DRD algorithm is
added (that is, to measure signals of the target cell).
=> Improve the performance and successful of DRD access procedure, increase the delay
Measurement-based DRD or DRD of blind handover is based on parameters configuration and
currently measurement-based DRD is closed by default.
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 Load balance policy feature – LDR
 When the usage of cell resource exceeds the basic congestion triggering threshold, the cell enters the basic congestion
state. In this case, Load Reshuffling (LDR) is required to reduce the cell load and increase the access success rate.

 The RNC adopts the following behaviors until the congestion be removed:
– Inter-frequency load handover
LDR in connected
– BE rate reduction mode
– CS/PS inter-RAT handover LDR Actions
– AMR rate reduction Inte Inte QoS
Inter
– QoS Renegotiation for r- r- Renego
-
RAT RAT tiation
Uncontrollable Real-Time Services Freq BE
Han Han AMR for
– code reshuffling uenc Rate Code
Resource UL/DL Channel dov dov Rate Uncont
y Red Reshuf
er in er in Reduct rollabl
Load ucti fling
CS PS ion e Real-
Han on
Do Do Time
dove
mai mai Service
r
n n s
DCH √ √ √ √ √ √  
UL
 LDR actions intended for different HSUPA √     √      
DCH √ √ √ √ √* √  
resources Power
HSDPA √     √      
Remarks ： DL
DC-HSDPA √     √      
If the downlink power–based admission
DCH     √ √   √  
uses the ENU algorithm, the basic UL
HSUPA       √      
congestion can also be caused by the Iub
DCH     √ √   √  
DL
ENU. In this situation, LDR actions do not HSDPA       √      
– –              
involve AMR rate reduction or MBMS Code DCH √ √         √
DL
power reduction, as indicated by the HSDPA              
DCH   √ √ √   √  
symbol “*” in the table. UL
HSUPA   √   √      
Credit
DCH   √ √ √   √  
DL
HSDPA              

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UE Restriction( Refer to 3GPP 25.133)

More frequency => Many frequency was introduced in

the network => but there UE restrictions according to
3GPP

– UE can only measure 2 inter-frequency only for both

idle mode and connected mode in 3G

– UE can only measure 3 inter-frequency 3G frequency

in GSM

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Strategy - Preferred Camping
SHO
HHO
DRD (f1 => f2) and LDR (F1 <=> F2) Blind HO
F2
Camping
HSPA+R99 HSPA+R99
Coverage HO
F1 Load
R99+HSP R99+HSP Balancing R99+HSP R99+HSP
A A A A

1.Idle Users camp on F1 carrier

2.Through setting SPG, R99 directly establish on F1
3.Through setting SPG, H services establish on F2 preferentially
4.Allow intra-frequency handover based on coverage for all carriers
5.Configure blind handover neighboring cell between F1<-->F2
6.Allow bi-directional inter-freq HHO based on LDR between F1 and F2
7.Configure one way handover based on coverage from F2 to F1 but F1 to F2 are not allowed

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Strategy - Random Camping

SHO
Every users can access to every carriers randomly depending on signal HHO
quality
F2 Blind HO

R99+HSP
Camping
R99+HSPA
A
F1
R99+HSP R99+HSP R99+HSP R99+HSP
A A A A

1.Idle User randomly camp on F1 or F2 carrier

2.R99 directly establish on each carrier that the user camp on
3.HSPA services DRD based on HSPA user number balanced
4.Allow intra-frequency handover based on coverage for all carriers
5.Configure blind handover neighboring cell between F1<-->F2
6.Allow bi-directional inter-freq HHO based on LDR between F1 and F2
7.Configure one way handover based on coverage from F2 to F1 but F1 to F2 are not allowed

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 Strategy - Pros vs Cons
Pros
Pros Cons
Cons
 High
High system
system capacity,
capacity, high
high carrier
carrier
efficiency
efficiency  AMR
AMR and
and HSPA
HSPA services
services are
are on
on the
the
 Less
Random same
same carriers, the AMR KPI may be
carriers, the AMR KPI may be
Less DRD
DRD for
for HSPA,
HSPA, the
the HSPA
HSPA RAB
RAB setup
setup
success
success ratio will be guaranteed as much
ratio will be guaranteed as much Campin deteriorated
deteriorated
as possible
as possible g

û
 As
As all
all carriers
carriers are
are used
used for
for HSPA,
HSPA, HSPA
HSPA
experience may be better
experience may be better

 AMR  Resources
Resources on
on different
different carriers
carriers may
may
AMR and
and HSPA
HSPA are
are separate
separate on
on Preferred not be used equally
different
different carriers,
carriers, the
the AMR
AMR experience
experience Camping not be used equally
will
will be
be guaranteed
guaranteed as as much
much as
as  Due
Due to
to HSPA
HSPA carrier’s
carrier’s high
high load
load as
as
possible
possible well
well as
as the
the DRD,
DRD, the
the HSPA
HSPA setup
setup
 The success
success ratio
ratio may
may be
be deteriorated
deteriorated
The AMR
AMR carrier
carrier load
load will
will be
be
relatively
relatively low
high
high signal
low and
and the
signal quality
the drive
quality and
drive test
test for
and coverage

for
coverage willwill û
be
be guaranteed as
guaranteed as muchmuch
as possible
AMR are basic service for WCDMA. Some operators pay special attention on AMR in order to
as possible
Conclusion

satisfy these requirement (Prefer voice quality), HW suggests to use “Preferred Camping
Conclusion

Strategy”.
 As the rapid growing of data service, system capacity become much more important than
ever before, in order to help operator to improve HSPA experience (Prefer system capacity) ,
HW suggests to use “Random Camping Strategy”
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 HSDPA Strategy Evaluation– How to use tool
• Network audit tool Omstar Start UMTS_NetworkAudit
 Choose items as below to analyze network strategy and corresponding
KPIs
• Refer to the following document to see how to use UMTS_NetworkAudit :
- 《 UMTS Network Evaluation Tool User Guide 》 -

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 Evaluation– OMSTAR Result to analysis
• According to the NodeB number,
provide Top10 Strategy and as well
as it’s pros and cons

• Provide each NodeB’s strategy

• Provide KPI for each carrier

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 Case 1 – Strategy analysis using tool example(1)

• Conclusion:
• 94.2% NodeB deploy Random Camping Strategy
• 5.8% NodeB deploy Preferred Camping Strategy
• Why are there so many different strategy? Are they right?

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 Case 1 – Strategy analysis using tool example(2)

• Remark: all the above KPIs are calculated by each cell

• Conclusion:
• F1/F2/F3/F4’s traffic are almost equal and this is reasonable for
Random Camping Strategy
• F5’s deployed in suburb and it’s traffic is lower than other carrier
• Why are there so many different strategy? Are they right?

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Case 2 – Strategy Adjust Example

1. In order to improve coverage and signal quality (voice quality) , operator x

adjust it’s network strategy from random camping to preferred camping

2. As expected its drive signal quality improves 1.7% (EcNo>-12dB), AMR call
drop rate reduces 0.05% but PS RAB setup success ratio deteriorates 0.46%
and PS DL throughput reduces 7%

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 Case 3 – Strategy Configuration Example
Requirement: Prefer System Capacity
F4 : Non homogeneous SHO
Recommend Strategy: Random Camping
carrier HHO
F4 HSPA+R99
Dual carrier Group Blind HO

F3 HSPA+R99 HSPA+R99

F2 HSPA+R99 HSPA+R99 HSPA+R99

F1 HSPA+R99 HSPA+R99 HSPA+R99

 Camping Policy  Mobility Policy

 Camp on F1 and F2 randomly  Allow intra-frequency handover based on coverage for all
carriers(ADD UINTRAFREQNCELL)
 Access and Load Balance Policy
 All carriers support HSPA and R99  Configure one way handover based on coverage from F4 to
 Non H service are directly established in the cell F3/F2 and from F3 to F2 (ADD UINTERFREQNCELL)
where the UE camp on  Configure blind handover neighboring cell between F1<-->F2;
 H service are established on F1/F2/F3/F4 through
load balance F1,F2-->F3; F1, F2-->F4 (ADD UINTERFREQNCELL :
 LDR policy set as default BlindHOFlag=TRUE)
 HSPA+  Configure GSM as neighboring cell for all cells, only configure
 Use F3 and F4 as DC dual carriers  F1 and F2 as neighboring cell for GSM.

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(1)
Requirement: 1. U900 absorb weak coverage traffic 2. Prefer system capacity

DL3038 U900 U900 U900

DL10737 U2100 F1 U2100 F1 U2100 F1

DL10713 U2100 F2 U2100 F2 U2100 F2

Network Coverage:
DL10688 U2100 F3 1. F1/F2/G900 full coverage
2. U900,F3,F4 hotspot coverage
DL10663 U2100 F4

G900 G900 G900

G1800 G1800 G1800

Suggestion: Random Camping Strategy and dedicated U900 strategy

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(2)
Key Switches for idle / connection mode cell reselection, RAB DRD, Inter-frequency
handover, Load reshuffling:
Parameter Value MML Command Parameter Description
"FALSE" indicates that neighboring information are not
included in the SIB11.
SIB11Ind True/False ADD UINTERFREQNCELL
"TRUE" indicates that neighboring information are included in
UE in idle the SIB11.
mode "FALSE" indicates that neighboring information are
not included in the SIB12.
SIB12Ind True/False ADD UINTERFREQNCELL
"TRUE" indicates that neighboring information are
UE in Con included in the SIB12
mode "0" indicates that the coverage-based inter-
frequency handover is not supported. (based on
load) Eg. for Blind HO
HOCovPrio 0/1/2/3 ADD UINTERFREQNCELL "1" indicates that the cell is assigned with the highest
priority for the handover.
Type of Inter-freq HO "3" indicates that the cell is assigned with the lowest
priority for the handover.
“FALSE” indicates that the cell is not considered as a
candidate cell for blind handover.(HO based measurement)
BlindHoFlag True/False ADD UINTERFREQNCELL
“TRUE” indicates that the cell can be considered as a
candidate cell for blind handover
"TRUE" indicates that the cell can be considered as the
measurement object in the DRD measurement algorithm or
DrdOrLdrFlag True/False ADD UINTERFREQNCELL
LDR measurement algorithm. The value "FALSE" indicates
that the cell is invalid.
DR_RAB_SING_D SET
ON/OFF DRD switch for single RAB
RD_SWITCH UCORRMALGOSWITCH
DR_RAB_COMB_D SET
ON/OFF DRD switch for combine RAB
RD_SWITCH UCORRMALGOSWITCH

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(3)
• UEs will camp on U2100 F1/F2, G900 and G1800 in idle mode (i.e. Access Layers).

• U900 set as “limited access layer” – UEs can reselect to U900 when coverage of U2100
F1/F2 is poor. Idle UEs on U900 will reselect to F1/F2 when within U2100 coverage area.

• U900 layer will be considered as the coverage layer for both CS and PS – only one way
for UE to go to this layer (from all U2100 layers) during Connected Mode is due to
coverage (i.e. Inter-Frequency HO).

• Coverage-based Inter-RAT from U2100 layers to G900 is for CS services only.

• Calls end on U2100 F3/4 will be forced to re-select to U2100 F1/F2, U900 or G900
immediately.

• F3 and F4 will be the Non-Access and HS-preferred layers – UEs will only perform HSPA
RAB DRD from F1 to co-sector F2/3/4 cells and from F2 to co-sector F1/3/4 cells.

• Combined 3G services will access at the current 3G cell, where the first service is being
served.

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• LDR happens
1) between all U2100 layers (bi-directional blind Inter-Frequency HO)
2) from 3G to G900 and co-sector G1800 for CS services only (Inter-RAT - only as 4 th
action for DL LDR).

• Measurement-Based LDR algorithm will be enabled from U900 to U2100 F1/2

(feature can only support 2 target frequencies according to 3GPP).

G900 / G1800 Layer :

• Re-selections to the G1800 layer is only possible via the G900 layer.

• Uni-directional traffic handovers are possible from G900 to G1800.

• UEs on G1800 can move to G900 in connected mode due to coverage.

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(4)
IDLE MODE CONNECTED MODE

U900 U900 U900 U900

Access
Layer
U2100 F1 U2100 F1 U2100 F1 U2100 F1 U2100 F1

Access
Layer
U2100 F2 U2100 F2 U2100 F2 U2100 F2 U2100 F1

CS LDR (to
Capacity/N G900)
on Access U2100 F3 U2100 F3
Layer
Load balance layer

Capacity/N
U2100 F4 U2100 F4
on Access
Layer
CS Inter-RAT
and LDR (to
G900 G900 G900)

Coverage-
Traffic -based (uni-
Access based (uni-
directional)
Layer directional)
G1800 G1800

Blind IFHO LDR (co-sector, bi and uni-

directional)
Reselection (bi- Coverage-based CS & PS IFHO/ CS ISHO (uni-
directional) For LDR ,2 possibilities :
-Blind HO or directional)
Reselection (uni- HSPA RAB DRD (co-sector, bi and uni-
directional) -Measurement based HO directional)
Measurement based LDR

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(5)

Parameter  U2100 F1 U2100 F2 U2100 F3 U2100 F4 U900

Cell Reselection 

Qqualmin  -18 dB -18 dB -18 dB -18 dB -18 dB

Qrxlevmin  -58(-115dBm)  -58(-115dBm)  -58(-115dBm)  -58(-115dBm)  -58(-115dBm) 

Qhyst2  1 (2dB)  1 (2dB)  1 (2dB)  1 (2dB)  1 (2dB) 

IdleSintrasearch  5(10dB)  5(10dB)  5(10dB)  5(10dB)  5(10dB) 

IdleSintersearch  4(8dB)  4(8dB)  127 (Off)  127 (Off)  127 (Off) 

Inter-freq Neighbors

To U900/F2 - True  To U900/F1 - True  To U900/F1 - True  To U900/F2 - True 

To F1/F2 - True
SIB11 Ind To co-sector F3/4 –  To co-sector F3/4 -  To F2 and co-sector F4 -  To F1 and co-sector F3 
(Idle False False False – False
mode)
IdleQoffset2 - inter (for  0 dB –> U2100 F2 0 dB –> U2100 F1 -50 dB -> U2100 F1   -50 dB -> U2100 F2  
-3 dB -> U2100 F1/2  
ncells with SIB11 True) 3 dB -> U900   3 dB -> U900   3 dB –> U900 3 dB –> U900

Blind handover flag (for  Only True for co-sector  Only True for co-sector  Only True for co-sector  Only True for co-sector 

None
LDR and DRD)   U2100 cells U2100 cells U2100 cells U2100 cells

U900 - 2  U900 - 2 U900  and other F1 - 2 U900  and other F2 - 2

HOCOVPRIO F1/F2 - 2
co-sector F2/3/4 - 0 co-sector F1/3/4 - 0 co-sector  F1/2/4 - 0 co-sector  F1/2/3 – 0
Exemple :
3G cell with EcNo = -9 et RSCP = -106dB If Squal > Sintrasearch, the UE need not start the intra-frequencymeasurement.
Squal = CPICH_EC/No – qQualMin If Squal ≤ Sintrasearch, the UE need to start the intra-frequency measurement.
Squal = -9 – (-18) = 9 > Sintrasearch = 5

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(6)
Parameter U2100 F1 U2100 F2 U2100 F3 U2100 F4 U900

Inter-freq Handover (only for your reference, pls. refer to the default value according each version)

CS 2D -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm

CS 2F -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm

H 2D -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm

H 2F -14dB/-107dBm -14dB/-107dBm -14dB/-107dBm -14dB/-107dBm -14dB/-107dBm

Inter-RAT Handover (only for your reference, pls. refer to the default value according each version)

CS 2D -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm -16dB/-110dBm

CS 2F -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm -14dB/-108dBm

H 2D -24dB/-115dBm -24dB/-115dBm -24dB/-115dBm -24dB/-115dBm -24dB/-115dBm

H 2F  -21dB/-112dBm  -21dB/-112dBm  -21dB/-112dBm  -21dB/-112dBm  -21dB/-112dBm 

Inter-Frequency and Inter-
SIMINTERFREQRAT SIMINTERFREQRAT SIMINTERFREQRAT SIMINTERFREQRAT INTERFREQ
RAT Coexist Switch
COEXIST_MEAS_TH COEXIST_MEAS_TH COEXIST_MEAS_TH COEXIST_MEAS_TH COEXIST_MEAS_T
CoexistMeasThdChoice D_CHOICE_INTERF D_CHOICE_INTERF D_CHOICE_INTERF D_CHOICE_INTERF HD_CHOICE_INTE
REQ REQ REQ REQ RFREQ

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 Case 4 – U900 and 5 Carriers Strategy(7)

Parameter U2100 F1 U2100 F2 U2100 F3 U2100 F4 U900

DRD
Service Steering OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
LdbDRDSwitchDCH OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

LdbDRDSwitchHSDPA ON ON OFF OFF OFF 

LdbDRDchoice UserNumber UserNumber UserNumber UserNumber UserNumber

H user balance Related
LdbDRDLoadRemain
100(default) 100(default) 100(default) 100(default) 100(default)
ThdHSDPA

MaxHsdpaUserNum 64(default) 64(default) 64(default) 64(default) 64(default)

1 -> Target blind HO cell will be considered as a DRD candidate when HS-DSCH load of source cell is greater than the 
LdbDRDOffsetHSDPA
load of the target cell by 1% or more.

Measurement based LDR for U900 cell: TargetFreqThdRscp: -92 dBm,

TargetFreqThdEcN0: -12 dB

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 Appendix
Feature Number Feature Name
• Multi-frequency  relevant WRFD-020110 Multi Frequency Band Networking
WRFD-020160 Enhanced Multiband Management
features  
WRFD-02040001 Intra System Direct Retry
WRFD-02040002 Inter System Direct Retry
WRFD-02040003 Inter System Redirect
WRFD-02040004 Traffic Steering and Load Sharing During RAB Setup
WRFD-020302 Inter Frequency Hard Handover Based on Coverage
WRFD-020103 Inter Frequency Load Balance
WRFD-021200 HCS (Hierarchical Cell Structure)
WRFD-020105 Potential User Control
WRFD-020402 Measurement Based Direct Retry
WRFD-020160 Enhanced Multiband Management
Feature Number Feature Name
• Multi-carrier relevant WRFD-02040001 Intra System Direct Retry 
WRFD-02040002 Inter System Direct Retry 
features WRFD-02040003 Inter System Redirect   
WRFD-02040004 Traffic Steering and Load Sharing During RAB Setup
WRFD-020302 Inter Frequency Hard Handover Based on Coverage 
WRFD-020103 Inter Frequency Load Balance 
WRFD-021200 HCS (Hierarchical Cell Structure) 
WRFD-020105 Potential User Control
WRFD-02040001 Intra System Direct Retry 
WRFD-02040002 Inter System Direct Retry 
WRFD-02040003 Inter System Redirect 
WRFD-020402 Measurement Based Direct Retry
Feature Number Feature Name
• 2G/3G inter-operation WRFD-020303 Inter-RAT Handover Based on Coverage 
WRFD-020306 Inter-RAT Handover Based on Load 
WRFD-020305 Inter-RAT Handover Based on Service 
WRFD-020401 Inter-RAT Redirection Based on Distance

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Thank you
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