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Solid Solutions

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and non-metal formed by melting and solidifying. Common alloys include steel, brass, and bronze. Solidification is the process where a liquid turns into a solid, occurring through nucleation and grain growth. The mechanism and microstructure of solidification can be affected by non-equilibrium cooling rates and heat treatments like homogenization. Phase diagrams are used to understand the relationships between composition, temperature, and phase transformations in alloys.

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48 views20 pages

Solid Solutions

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and non-metal formed by melting and solidifying. Common alloys include steel, brass, and bronze. Solidification is the process where a liquid turns into a solid, occurring through nucleation and grain growth. The mechanism and microstructure of solidification can be affected by non-equilibrium cooling rates and heat treatments like homogenization. Phase diagrams are used to understand the relationships between composition, temperature, and phase transformations in alloys.

Uploaded by

snemo30
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Alloys Steels & Solidification

An alloy can be defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a mixture of metal and non-
metal, usually prepared by melting them together and solidifying the mixture. A few examples of alloys include:
Steel (Iron + Carbon), Brass (Copper + Zinc), Bronze (Copper + Tin), Duralumin (Aluminium + Copper), etc.

Types of Alloys:

1. Solid Solution of Metal Elements

2. Eutectic Mixture

3. Intermetallic compounds
Solidification is the process by which a substance undergoes a phase transformation from liquid state to solid
state.

Mechanism of Solidification:

• Nucleation
• Grain Growth
Effect of Non – Equilibrium Cooling

Coring:

Homogenization: Heat treatment carried out to eliminate coring or dendritic segregation in the cast structure, in
order to promote uniformity of chemical composition and microstructure.

Forms of Nucleation:
1. Homogeneous Nucleation
2. Heterogeneous Nucleation
Phase Diagram
Eutectic System

I) COMPLETELY
INSOLUBLE IN SOLID
PHASE
Eutectic System

I) PARTLY SOLUBLE IN
SOLID PHASE
EUTECTOID PHASE DIAGRAM
α – Ferrite : Solid solution of
carbon in BCC iron

γ – Austenite: Solid Solution of


carbon in FCC iron

δ – Ferrite: Solid Solution of


carbon in BCC iron

Iron Carbinde (Fe3C) or


cementite – Intermediate
compound

Ledeburite : γ + Fe3C

Pearlite: α + Fe3C
Eutectic Reaction: 1147⁰ C with 4.3% Carbon

Peritectic Reaction: 1495⁰ C with 0.18% Carbon

Eutectoid Reaction: 727⁰ C with 0.83% Carbon

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