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Dr. Nagendra Kumar Dept. of HSS IIT Roorkee

The document provides an introduction to biometric technology. It discusses how biometrics can uniquely identify individuals based on physiological or behavioral traits, which provides an improvement over traditional identification methods that rely on cards or passwords. The document summarizes the history of biometrics and provides examples of different biometric technologies including fingerprints, face recognition, voice recognition, iris/retinal scans, hand and finger geometry, and vein recognition. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of biometric systems and provides an overview of how biometric systems work through enrollment and verification or identification. Finally, it outlines some applications of biometric technology.

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Adipudi Srinivasa Rao
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56 views17 pages

Dr. Nagendra Kumar Dept. of HSS IIT Roorkee

The document provides an introduction to biometric technology. It discusses how biometrics can uniquely identify individuals based on physiological or behavioral traits, which provides an improvement over traditional identification methods that rely on cards or passwords. The document summarizes the history of biometrics and provides examples of different biometric technologies including fingerprints, face recognition, voice recognition, iris/retinal scans, hand and finger geometry, and vein recognition. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of biometric systems and provides an overview of how biometric systems work through enrollment and verification or identification. Finally, it outlines some applications of biometric technology.

Uploaded by

Adipudi Srinivasa Rao
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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On 5th November 2008

In the presence of

Dr. Nagendra Kumar


Dept. of HSS
IIT Roorkee
INTRODUCTION TO

BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY

By SRINIVASA RAO A
MCA 2nd Year, IITR
Introduction

Person Identification:

_In the early days of civilization, people lived in small


communities and everyone knew each other

_With the population growth and increase in mobility,


we started relying on documents and secret codes to
establish identity

Person identification is now an integral part of the


infrastructure needed for diverse business sectors such as
banking, border control, and law enforcement
How People are Identified?

People are identified by three basic means:

-something they have (Passport ,Credit card)

-something they know (Password, PIN)

-something they are (Human body)


Some Problems…and a Solution

•Card may be lost, stolen or forgotten

• The traditional approaches are unable to


differentiate between an authorized person and
an imposter

•Too many passwords to remember

We need
An approach which can uniquely identify an
authorized person and is easy to operate
…Biometric
What is Biometric?

“Biometric is the study of methods for


uniquely recognizing humans based
upon one or more physiological or
behavioral traits.”

Bios=’life’ Metron=’measure’
History

1871: Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian Mathematician and


Astronomer gave the fundamental concepts to the
modern use of biometrics.

1882: Alphonse Bertillon, French law enforcement


officer applied Quetelet’s Work to develop a system to
identify criminals based on anatomical measures.

1888: Juan Vucetich, Argentinean police officer, was


the first to use dactyloscopy (taking of finger prints
using ink).
Types
TypesofofBiometrics
Biometrics

Fingerprint Recognition:
Identification by using patterns of
friction ridges and valleys on an
individual's fingertips that are
unique to that individual. Still the
most widely accepted biometric.

Face Recognition: The


identification of a person by their
facial image characteristics
Types of Biometrics

Voice Recognition:
Identification using the acoustic
features of speech that have been
found to differ between individuals

Iris/Retinal Recognition:
This identification
method uses the unique
characterizes of the eye
Types of Biometrics

Hand and Finger Geometry:


Identification by measuring either
physical characteristics of the
fingers or the hands

Signature Verification: Identification


using the dynamic analysis of a
signature to authenticate a person

Vein Recognition:
A system for Identification using a
persons unique vein patterns
Two Sides of a Coin…

Advantages:
•Uniqueness
•No need to remember Password or carry Cards
•Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten
•More secure than a long password
•Not susceptible to traditional dictionary attacks

Disadvantages:
•Often requires significant computational
Equipment.
•It cannot be changed: If once forged
The Biometric System

Biometric system:
A pattern recognition
system that recognizes a
person by determining
the authenticity of a
specific biological and/or
behavioral characteristic.
The Biometric System

* ENROLLMENT
-Person’s Identity is entered into the database
The Biometric System

* VERIFICATION: Am I who I claim to be?


-One to one comparison
-compares a sample against single stored template
The Biometric System

* IDENTIFICATION: Who am I?
-One to many comparison
-compares a sample against a database of
templates
Applications of Biometric

Forensic: Dead body Identification, Criminal Investigation,


Terrorist Identification, Parenthood Determination, Missing children,
etc.

Government: National ID card, Driver’s License, Social Security,


Border Control, Passport Control, etc.

Commercial: Computer Network Logon, Electronic Data Security,


E-commerce, Internet Access, ATM, Credit Card, Cellular Phones,
Personal Digital Assistant, Medical Records Management, Distance
Learning,etc.
Thank You All

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