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WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis: Lecture-2: Descriptive Statistics

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90 views12 pages

WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis: Lecture-2: Descriptive Statistics

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JerickEmbanecidoMontilla
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WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr.

Akm Saiful Islam

WFM 5201: Data Management and


Statistical Analysis

Lecture-2: Descriptive Statistics


[Measures of Location]

Akm Saiful Islam


Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

April, 2008
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Descriptive Statistics
 Measures of Central Tendency
 Measures of Location
 Measures of Dispersion
 Measures of Symmetry
 Measures of Peakdness
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Measures of Location
 Measures that are allied to the median include
the quartiles, deciles and percentiles, because
they are also based on their position in a series
of observations.

 These measures are referred to as measures of


location and not the measures of central
tendency as they describe the position of one
score relative to the others rather than the whole
set of data.
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Measures of Location
 Quartile
 One fourth (1/4)
 First (1/4), Second (1/2), Third (3/4)

 Decile
 One tenth (1/10)
 10%, 20%, …90%

 Percentile
 One of hundreds (1/100)
 1%, 2%, ….99%
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Quartile
h i 
Qi  Li   n  F , i  1, 2, 3
fi 4 

 L0 = Lower limit of the i-th Quartile class


 n = Total number of observations in the
distribution
 h = Class width of the i-th Quartile class
 fi = Frequency of the i-th Quartile class
 F = Cumulative frequency of the class prior to
the i-th quartile class
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Decile
h  i 
Pi  Li   n  F , i  1, 2, 3
fi  10 

 L0 = Lower limit of the i-th Decile class


 n = Total number of observations in the
distribution
 h = Class width of the i-th Decile class
 fi = Frequency of the i-th Decile class
 F = Cumulative frequency of the class prior to
the i-th Decile class
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Percentile
h  i 
Pi  Li   n  F , i  1, 2, 3
fi  100 

 L0 = Lower limit of the i-th Percentile class


 n = Total number of observations in the
distribution
 h = Class width of the i-th Percentile class
 fi = Frequency of the i-th Percentile class
 F = Cumulative frequency of the class prior to
the i-th Percentile class
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Example-1: Percentile of Ungroup


data
 Consider the observations 11, 14, 17, 23,
27, 32, 40, 49, 54, 59, 71 and 80. To
determine the 29th percentile?

1
 we note that (29 12)  3.48,
which is not an
100
integer. Thus the next higher integer 4 here
will determine the 29th percentile value.
On inspection P29 = 23
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Example-2: Find 3rd Quartiles, 1st


Decile and 29th Percentile
Marks No. of students Cumulative
frequencies
40-50 6 6
50-60 11 17
60-70 19 36
70-80 17 53
80-90 13 66
90-100 4 70
Total 70
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Example-3: Find 30th percentile


Age in years Number of births Cumulative number
of births
14.5-19.5 677 677
19.5-24.5 1908 2585
24.5-29.5 1737 4332
29.5-34.5 1040 5362
34.5-39.5 294 5656
39.5-44.5 91 5747
44.5-49.5 16 5763
All ages 5763 -
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

Determine Percentile Class


 First determine the percentile class.
 If, N =5736, and we have to find 30th
percentile, then percentile class will be the
class which has cumulative frequency
below:
i
n  (30 / 100 )  5763  1728 .9.
100
WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis © Dr. Akm Saiful Islam

30th Percentile class 1728.9

Age in years Number of births Cumulative number


of births
14.5-19.5 677 677
19.5-24.5 1908 2585
24.5-29.5 1737 4332
29.5-34.5 1040 5362
34.5-39.5 294 5656
39.5-44.5 91 5747
44.5-49.5 16 5763
All ages 5763 -

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