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By N. F. Novian Paiman, S.PD

The document summarizes the four types of conditional sentences in English: Type 0 (zero conditional) expresses general truths and uses the present simple in both clauses. Type 1 (first conditional) refers to possible real events in the present or future and uses future/modal verbs in the if-clause and the present simple in the main clause. Type 2 (second conditional) refers to unlikely or impossible events in the present/future and uses future/modal verbs in both clauses. Type 3 (third conditional) refers to unlikely past events and uses modal perfect verbs in both clauses. Examples are provided for each type of conditional sentence structure.

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David William
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20 views

By N. F. Novian Paiman, S.PD

The document summarizes the four types of conditional sentences in English: Type 0 (zero conditional) expresses general truths and uses the present simple in both clauses. Type 1 (first conditional) refers to possible real events in the present or future and uses future/modal verbs in the if-clause and the present simple in the main clause. Type 2 (second conditional) refers to unlikely or impossible events in the present/future and uses future/modal verbs in both clauses. Type 3 (third conditional) refers to unlikely past events and uses modal perfect verbs in both clauses. Examples are provided for each type of conditional sentence structure.

Uploaded by

David William
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By N. F. Novian Paiman, S.

Pd
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Type 0
ZERO Form:
CONDITIONAL Present simple if Present simple
General Truth S +V1 if S + V1

Type 1
OPEN
CONDITIONAL/ Form:
Future/Modals simple if Present
True/Real in the
simple
present/future S + Will/Modals + V1 if S + V1
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE

Type 2 Form:
Untrue/unreal in Future/Modals Past if Past simple
the present/future S + Would/could + V1 if S + V2

Type 3 Form:
Untrue/unreal in Future/Modals Perfect if Past perfect
the past S + Would/could have + V3 if S + had + V3
CONDITIONAL TYPE 0:
The zero conditional is a structure used for talking about General Truths --
things which always happen under certain conditions.

The structure: Present Simple if Present Simple

PAST If we heat water to 100• celcius, it boils. FUTURE


Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air

If you cross an international date line, the time changes.

PRESENT We bleed if we cut our flesh


People close their eyes if they sleep

If human and animal are thirsty, they drinks


CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
The Open conditional (True/Real in the Present or Future) is a structure
used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.

The structure: Future / Modals simple if Present Simple

 The employees can have reward if they work hard.


 Students will pass the class if they study seriously.
 If it doesn’t rain, I will go for a walk with my friends.
 If we don’t eat enough food, we will be hungry.
 Everybody will be knowledgeable if he or she read a lot.
 Miss Regina can become a doctor if she finishes her medical education.
 Our teacher won’t teach us well if we always make troubles in the class.
 Etc.
CONDITIONAL TYPE 2
It is called The second conditional is a structure used for talking about
unreal / untrue situation in the present or in the future. It means that the statement
said is always contrary to the reality.
The structure: Future / Modals Past if Past Simple
 The employees could have reward if they worked hard.
(Fact: The employees can’t have reward because they don’t work hard)
 The students would pass the class if they studied seriously.
(Fact: The students won’t pass the class because they don’t study seriously)
 If it did’t rain, I would go for a walk with my friends.
(Fact: Because it rains so I won’t go for a walk with my friends)
 If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
(Fact: I am not rich so I won’t/can’t travel around the world)
 Mr. Harrison would buy an expensive apartment if he had much money.
(Fact: Mr. Harrison won’t/can’t buy an expensive apartment because he has no much
money)
Note: That this “simple past" form is slightly different from usual in the case of the
verb BE. Whatever the subject, the verb form is always "were", not "was":
If I were rich, I would travel around the world
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
It is called The third conditional is a structure used for talking about
unreal / untrue situation in the PAST. It means that the statement said is always
contrary to the reality in past time.
The structure: Future / Modals Perfect if Past Perfect
 The employees could have had reward if they had worked hard.
(Fact: The employees couldn’t have /didn’t have reward because they didn’t work hard)
 The students would have passed the class if they had studied seriously.
(Fact: The students wouldn’t/didn’t pass the class because they didn’t study seriously)
 If it didn’t rain yesterday, I would have gone for a walk with my friends.
(Fact: Because it rained so I wouldn’t/didn’t go for a walk with my friends)
 If I had been rich, I would have traveled around the world.
(Fact: I was not rich so I wouldn’t/couldn’t/didn’t travel around the world)
 Mr. Harrison would have bought an expensive apartment if he had had much money.
(Fact: Mr. Harrison wouldn’t/couldn’t/didn’t buy an expensive apartment because he
hadn’t/didn’t have much money)
 If Robert had studied harder, he would have got good scores in his lessons.
(Fact: Because Robert didn’t study harder so he didn’t get good scores in his lessons)
Let’s Practice:
 Use the conditions and results in the box to complete the phrases below.

Conditions: you've got a headache, you don't wear a crash helmet, you heat it to 100 ºc,
she comes home very late, you leave gates open in the country, you add sugar
Results: you get pink, A dog bites, the DVD player comes on, Butter melts, it scratches
you, You have more chance of being killed

1. Water boils if __________________________________


2. If you mix red and white _________________________________
3. ____________________________________ if you leave it under the sun.
4. If ____________________________________ , take an aspirin.
5. If _____________________________________ , it tastes sweet.
6. __________________________ if you go near its food when it's eating.
7. If you pull a cat's tail, _______________________________ .
8. _______________if you don't wear a seat belt.
9. You can end up brain damaged if ______________________________
10. If you press this switch, ____________________________________
11. If ____________________________________ , her folks get very angry.
12. Farmers get very angry if _______________________________________
Let’s Practice:
Give the facts!
 If Clare arrived late again, the hockey trainer would be furious.
 You’d have been so sorry if you’d failed in the final exams.
 We wouldn’t have gone to the party if the weather hadn’t been good.
 They couldn’t recognize you if you wore a wig and dark glasses.
 If the bus were on time, I wouldn’t miss the football match.
 If you did your homework earlier, you could be free all.
 We’d have eaten out if there’d been no food at home.
 You wouldn’t find life much easier if you seldom smiled.
 If it had been so hot, we wouldn’t have gone for a swim.
 You could do your job better if you took more time over it.
 If she’d kept practicing, she‘d have got better in her speaking.
 I wouldn’t be so happy if I didn’t pass the exam easily.
 You’d have been really tired if you’d forced working so hard.
 Those men would have visited us if they had returned here soon.
 If Julio weren’t the manager’s son, he couldn’t treat us in the luxurious
restaurant.
LET’S PRACTICE!
Write the conditional sentence
 If Joe……….. (be) here, he …………(catch) some fish for
supper.
2. It …………(be) nice if the rain………… (stop)!
3. I ………….(sing) you a song if I ……..(have) my guitar.
4. If I …………(have) a better sleeping bag, I………. (not feel)
so cold.
5. If this tent….. (be) any smaller, one of us ..(have to sleep)
outside!
6. I…….. (look) out for bears if I ……..(be) you!
7. If I ………(not be) so hungry, I (share)…… my beans with
you.

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