Scribd
Upload
40 views24 pages

6 TQM1

This document discusses various quality management tools and philosophies including Total Quality Management (TQM), Statistical Quality Control (SQC), and the approaches of Deming and Juran. It describes key aspects of TQM like continuous improvement, meeting customer expectations, and cross-functional collaboration. Statistical process control techniques like control charts are explained as well as sources of variation and quality metrics like six sigma. Finally, quality tools including histograms, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and checklists are defined.

Uploaded by

sarucool004
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views24 pages

6 TQM1

This document discusses various quality management tools and philosophies including Total Quality Management (TQM), Statistical Quality Control (SQC), and the approaches of Deming and Juran. It describes key aspects of TQM like continuous improvement, meeting customer expectations, and cross-functional collaboration. Statistical process control techniques like control charts are explained as well as sources of variation and quality metrics like six sigma. Finally, quality tools including histograms, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and checklists are defined.

Uploaded by

sarucool004
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

TQM/SQC

•Quality is conformance to requirement or


specifications.
•Courteous service
•Meeting customer expectations
• Quality is fitness for use
• Quality is a measure of how closely a good
or service conforms to a specified standard.
TQM
• A systematic method of organizational improvement through
sustained collaborative efforts crossing barriers.
• TQM is a management philosophy for improving overall
business performance based on leadership, supplier quality
management , vision and plan statement ,evaluation , process
control and improvement , product design, quality system
improvement, employee participation, recognition etc,
Why TQM?
• Changing business environment
Increasing competition & customer
expectation
Demanding customers
Consumer awareness
Emphasis on service quality
Deming's Philosophy
1) Create constancy of purpose towards improvement of pdt or service.
 Clearly state aims of organization to shareholders
 Aims to become competitive , to stay in business, to provide jobs
2) Learn new philosophy
 Seek continuous improvement
 Never accept non-conformance
 Customer is first priority
3) Understand purpose of inspection
 Improve the process and reduce cost
 Prevent defects
4)Stop awarding business based on price alone
 Price vs quality
 Long term business
Deming's Philosophy
5) Improve constantly and forever the system
6) Institute Training on the job
7) Teach & institute leadership
 Change the environment from fault finding to improvement
8)Drive out fear , create trust & create a climate for innovation
 Empower subordinates
 Encourage training
 Provide training
9) Breakdown barriers between department
10)Objectives of supervision should be to help employees and machines to
do a better job
Deming's Philosophy
11) Improve systems to eliminate causes of low quality and low productivity
12) Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship
 Sense of achievement of quality work
13) Institute vigorous programme of education and self-improvement
14) Take action to accomplish transformation
 Responsibility for quality is rests with top management
Jurans Approach to TQM
• Jurans Trilogy
1) Quality Planning
 Identify customers
 Understand their expectations
 Incorporate features to fulfill customer needs
 Set organization goals to meet customer expectations
 Set specific stds for this purpose
 Pass on Process designed for implementation.
Jurans approach to TQM
2) Quality Control is the mechanism by which products are made
to measure up to specifications
 Acceptance Function /Inspection
 Preventive function
 Assurance function

3)Quality improvement
 It continuously improving quality
 Quality improvement aims at reaching different levels of
quality.
Statistical Quality Control

• It is defined as the technique of applying statistical methods


to establish quality standards and to maintain it in the most
economic manner.
• Objectives
 To identify faults, to control defectives, waste
 To take necessary and preventive actions
 To provide better utilization of raw materials and eqpts.
Causes of variation in quality
• Chance causes /inherent causes
 Difficult to detect
 Vey large
 Not economical to eliminate
 Follows statistical distributions
 Slight variation in temperature, pressure & humidity
• Assignable causes
 don’t follow statistical laws
 Very few, economical to eliminate
 Worn equipments, defects due to unskilled workers
Techniques of SQC
• Process Control : It is concerned with
controlling quality during production process
• Product control: controlling quality of the
product by critical examination at strategic
points
Attributes/Variables
• Attributes/properties
 colour, cracks, imperfections, surface appearance
 Subjected to qualitative measurements
 Acceptable or non- acceptable
 P chart, npchart, C charts

• Variables
 Diameter,length,thickness, resistance etc
 Subjected to quantitative measurements
 Control charts  X bar charts, R charts
A Process Is in Control If …
1. … no sample points outside limits
2. … most points near process average
3. … about equal number of points above
and below centerline
4. … points appear randomly distributed
Control Charts
• Used for the study and control of repetitive
processes
• Control charts for variables
 x bar charts , R Charts
• Control charts for attributes
 P charts, np charts, C charts
Control chart for variables
• Control chart for sample means
 X bar charts
• Control chart for sample ranges
 R charts
Control charts for attributes
•P charts : It displays % of defectives
•uses portion defective in a sample
•It follows binomial distribution
•C- charts : It displays number of defects per
unit rather than proportion of defective units
 It follows Poisson distribution
Six- sigma Quality
• Typically processes generate 35000 defects
per million
Specification Limit # defects per million Percent good quality
Plus minus 1 sigma 697700 30.22
Plus minus 2 sigma 308700 69.13

Plus minus 3 sigma 66810 93.32

Plus minus 4 sigma 6210 99.37

Plus minus 5 sigma 2.33 99.98

Plus minus 6 sigma 3.4 99.99


Seven Quality Tools 

 Histograms
 Pareto Charts
 Cause and Effect Diagrams
 Scatter Diagrams
 Checklist
 Control Charts
 Bar charts
Histogram
• A histogram is a bar graph that shows
frequency data.
• Histograms provide the easiest way to
evaluate the distribution of data.
• Class intervals are marked along
X axis and frequencies along Y axis.
Pareto Charts

 Pareto charts are used to identify and prioritize


problems to be solved.
80/20 rule
Ishikawa diagrams
• Ishikawa diagrams are diagrams that
show the causes of a certain event.
• Causes – 4Ms
• These tools have been used
worldwide by companies, managers
of all levels and employees.
• Cause and Effect Diagram, Fishbone
diagram.
Check list
• Checklists are presented as
lists with small checkboxes.
• A small tick or checkmark is
drawn in the box after the
item has been completed
• It helps to ensure consistency
and completeness in carrying
out a task.
Scatter Diagrams
• Scatter Diagrams are used to study and identify the possible
relationship between the changes observed in two different
sets of variables.
• Scatter Diagram is used to find goodness of fit.
• A scatter diagram can be used to identify the relationship
between the production speed of an operation and the
number of defective parts made
Bar Charts

•  A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular


bars with lengths proportional to the values that they
represent.
• Bar charts are used for comparing two or more values
that were taken over time or on different conditions,
usually on small data sets

You might also like