CHPTR 7

Validation Activities
Evolution
Unitof Software
Validation Testing Testing
 Drivers
• a test driver is supporting code and data used to provide an

environment for testing part of a system in isolation.
• A test driver may take inputs in the following form and call
the unit to be tested:
• It may hardcode the inputs as parameters of the calling unit.
• It may take the inputs from the user.
• It may read the inputs from a file.
Unit Validation Testing
Evolution of Software Testing
• Stubs
Stub can be defined as a piece of software that works similar to
a unit which is referenced by the Unit being tested, but it is much
simpler that the actual unit.
Integration Testing
• Integration testing exposes inconsistency between the modules

such as improper call or return sequences.
• Data can be lost across an interface.
• One module when combined with another module may not give the
desired result.
• Data types and their valid ranges may mismatch between the
modules.
Decomposition Based Integration
Integration Testing
Practical Approach for Integration Testing
There is no single strategy adopted for industry practice.
For integrating the modules, one cannot rely on a single

strategy. There are situations depending upon the project
in hand which will force to integrate the modules by
combining top-down and bottom-up techniques.
This combined approach is sometimes known as Sandwich

Integration testing.
The practical approach for adopting sandwich testing is driven

by the following factors:
Priority
Availability
Software Testing
Decomposition based Myths
integration testing
• The integration testing effort is computed as number of test

sessions. A test session is one set of test cases for a specific
configuration. The total test sessions in decomposition based
integration is computed as:
Number of test sessions = nodes – leaves + edges

Incremental Integration Testing
Call Graph Based Integration
• A call graph is a directed graph wherein nodes are modules or

units and a directed edge from one node to another node means
one module has called another module. The call graph can be
captured in a matrix form which is known as adjacency matrix.
Pair-wise Integration
Neighborhood Integration
The total test sessions in

neighborhood integration can be
calculated as:
Neighborhoods = nodes – sink
nodes
= 20 - 10
= 10
where Sink Node is an instruction in
a module at which execution
terminates.
Path Based Integration
• Source Node
• Sink Node
• Module Execution Path (MEP) Message
• MM-Path
• MM-Path Graph
Function Testing
• The process of attempting to detect discrepancies between

the functional specifications of a software and its actual
behavior.
• The function test must determine if each component or
business event:
– performs in accordance to the specifications,
– responds correctly to all conditions that may be
presented by incoming events / data,
– moves data correctly from one business event to the next
(including data stores), and
– business events are initiated in the order required to meet
the business objectives of the system.
System Testing
Recovery Testing
• Recovery is just like the exception handling feature in a

programming language.
• Recovery is the ability of a system to restart operations after the

integrity of the application has been lost.
• It reverts to a point where the system was functioning correctly and

then reprocesses the transactions up until the point of failure Some
Security Testing
• Confidentiality
• Integrity
• Authentication
• Authorization
• Availability
• Non-repudiation
Performance Testing
The performance testing requires that performance requirements

must be clearly mentioned in SRS and system test plans.
The main thing is that these requirements must be quantified.
For example, a requirement that the system return a response to

a query in a reasonable amount is not an acceptable requirement;
the time must be specified in a quantitative way.
• Load Testing
• Stress Testing
Usability Testing
Ease of Use
Interface steps
Response Time
Help System
Error Messages
Compatibility/Conversion/Configuration Testing
• Operating systems: The specifications must state all the targeted

end-user operating systems on which the system being developed
will be run.
• Software/ Hardware: The product may need to operate with certain

versions of web browsers, with hardware devices such as printers,
or with other software, such as virus scanners or word processors.
• Conversion Testing
• Ranking of possible configurations: Identification of test cases:
• Updating the compatibility test cases

Acceptance Testing
• Acceptance Testing is the formal testing conducted to determine

whether a software system satisfies its acceptance criteria and to
enable buyer to determine whether to accept the system or not.
• Determine whether the software is fit for the user to use.
• Making users confident about product
• Determine whether a software system satisfies its acceptance
criteria.
• Enable the buyer to determine whether to accept the system.
• Alpha Testing Beta Testing

CHPTR 7

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Validation Activities

• a test driver is supporting code and data used to provide an

• Integration testing exposes inconsistency between the modules

There is no single strategy adopted for industry practice.

For integrating the modules, one cannot rely on a single

This combined approach is sometimes known as Sandwich

The practical approach for adopting sandwich testing is driven

• The integration testing effort is computed as number of test

Number of test sessions = nodes – leaves + edges

• A call graph is a directed graph wherein nodes are modules or

The total test sessions in

• The process of attempting to detect discrepancies between

• Recovery is just like the exception handling feature in a

• Recovery is the ability of a system to restart operations after the

• It reverts to a point where the system was functioning correctly and

The performance testing requires that performance requirements

The main thing is that these requirements must be quantified.

For example, a requirement that the system return a response to

• Operating systems: The specifications must state all the targeted

• Software/ Hardware: The product may need to operate with certain

• Updating the compatibility test cases

• Acceptance Testing is the formal testing conducted to determine

• Alpha Testing Beta Testing

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