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Differentiation: (Chapter 7, Page: 500)

The document discusses the rules and concepts of differentiation including: 1. It defines differentiation as the process of finding the derivative, or rate of change, of a function with respect to changes in an independent variable. 2. It outlines 9 rules for finding derivatives of basic functions such as polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, and quotients. 3. It also covers derivatives of composite, implicit and logarithmic functions using the chain rule as well as higher order derivatives through successive differentiation.

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Tareq Islam
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119 views41 pages

Differentiation: (Chapter 7, Page: 500)

The document discusses the rules and concepts of differentiation including: 1. It defines differentiation as the process of finding the derivative, or rate of change, of a function with respect to changes in an independent variable. 2. It outlines 9 rules for finding derivatives of basic functions such as polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, and quotients. 3. It also covers derivatives of composite, implicit and logarithmic functions using the chain rule as well as higher order derivatives through successive differentiation.

Uploaded by

Tareq Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differentiation (chapter 7, page: 500)

A function is a technical term to symbolize


relationship between variables.
y  f (x)
y is a function of x

Differentiation: The process of finding out


derivative.
Derivative: The rate of change in any function
(dependent variable) due to a small change in the
independent variable.
If y  f (x) , then the rate of change of y with
respect to a change in x is called the
derivative of the function y w. r. t. x.
Notation is:

f ( x)
d
( y)
dx
dy
dx
Rule # 1

If y  f ( x)  c (c is a cons tan t )
( horizontal straight line)

dy
then, f ( x)   0
dx
Rule # 2

If y  f ( x)  x n

dy
then, f ( x)   nx n 1

dx
f ( x)  x
f ( x)  x
dy
 f ( x)   1. x  x  1
11 0

dx
f ( x)  x 5
f ( x)  x 5

dy
 f ( x)   5 x  5x
5 1 4

dx
f ( x)  x 2/3

8
f ( x)  x
f ( x)  x 2/3

dy 2 23 1 2 31
 f ( x)  3x 3x
dx

8
f ( x)  x
 f ( x)  8 x 81
 8 x 9
Rule # 3

If y  c f ( x)
dy
then,  c f ( x)
dx
f ( x)  5 x 2

f ( x)  4 x 5
f ( x)  5 x 2

then f ( x)  5  2 x 2 1
 10 x

f ( x)  4 x 5

then f ( x)  4  5 x 5 1
Rule # 4

If y  f ( x)  g ( x)   ( x)
then
dy
 f ( x)  g ( x)   ( x)
dx
Find the derivative with respect to x:

y = x4+3x2+2x+7

y = 3x2+ax+b

y = 7x4 - 3x3 + 4x2 -10x + 3

y = 5x7+ 3x6+ 2x5 + 6x4 + 7x3+ 8x2+2x+7


y  4x  7x
3 4
y  4x  7x
3 4

then
dy
 4  3x  7  4 x
2 3

dx
Find the derivative of :
8 10
9 x  7 x  8x   3
4 3 2

x x
8 10
Let , y  9 x  7 x  8 x   3
4 3 2

x x
dy 11 31
  9  4 x  7  3x  8  2 x  8  (1) x  10  (3) x
3 2

dx
dy
  36 x 3  21x 2  16 x  8 x 2  30 x 4
dx
dy 8 30
  36 x  21x  16 x  2  4
3 2

dx x x
(1  x ) 2
y 2
x
We may simplify y as :
(1  x ) 2
1 2x  x 2
y 2
 2
x x
1 2
 2  1
x x
dy  2 1 11
  ( 2) x  2( 1) x 0
dx
dy 3 2 2 2
  2 x  2 x  3  2
dx x x
Rule # 5

Derivative of the product


of two functions :
If y  f ( x)  ( x) then,
dy
  ( x ) f ( x)  f ( x)  ( x)
dx
If the function be denoted
by u and v, i.e. y  uv
dy du dv
then v u
dx dx dx
If y  (3x  1)( x  2 x)
2 3

dy
Find
dx
dy
 (3x  1)(3x  2)  ( x  2 x)(6 x)
2 2 3

dx
 9 x  6 x  3x  2  6 x  12 x
4 2 2 4 2

 15 x  21x  2
4 2
Rule # 6

Derivative of the quotient of two functions

f ( x)
If y  then
g ( x)
dy g ( x) f ( x)  f ( x) g ( x)
 2
dx {g ( x)}
If the function be denoted
u
by u and v, i.e. y 
v
du dv
v u
dy dx dx
then  2
, v  0
dx v
x 1
2
Differentiate w. r. t. x
x 1
2
x 1
2
Let y  2
x 1
dy ( x  1)( 2 x)  ( x  1)2 x
2 2
 
dx ( x  1)
2 2

4x
 2
( x  1) 2
Differentiate
( x  1)( 2 x  1) w. r. t. x.
x3
( x  1)( 2 x  1) 2 x  x  1
2
Let y  
x 3 x3
dy ( x  3)( 4 x  1)  (2 x  x  1).1
2
 
dx ( x  3) 2

4 x  x  12 x  3  2 x  x  1
2 2

( x  3) 2

2( x  6 x  1)
2

( x  3) 2
Find the Differential
Co  efficient
1/ 2
x 2
of 1/ 2
x
1
x 2 2
 12
Let y 1  1  2x
x 2

dy  12 1
  0  2(1 / 2) x
dx
3
 x 2
Rule # 7

Derivative of Function of a Function

dy dy du

dx du dx
Differentiate (3x  7)
2
w. r. t. x
1
Let y  (3 x  7)  (3 x  7)
2 2 2

1
put u  3 x  7, then y  u
2 2

du dy 1  12 1  12
  6 x, and  2 u  2 (3 x  7)
2

dx du
dy du dy 1  12
  .  2 (3 x  7) .6 x
2

dx dx du
3x

(3 x  7
2
Differentiate
y  (3x  5 x  8)
3 2 3
w. r. t. x
Rule # 8

Derivative of a Logarithmic Function

If y  log e x, then
dy 1

dx x
Rule # 9

Derivative of a Exponential Function

If y  e , then x

dy
e x

dx
Differentiation of Implicit Function

Differentiate w. r. t. x: x3 + y3 = 3axy

dy
Find if x2 – y2 + 3x = 5y
dx

Differentiate w. r. t. x:
x3 – xy2 + 3y2 + 2 = 0
Successive Differentiation

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