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FIR and IIR Filter Design Using Matlab: Prof. C.M Kyung

This document discusses FIR and IIR filter design using Matlab. It defines LTI systems and impulse responses. It covers the z-transform and characteristics of FIR and IIR filters. The document describes designing FIR filters using windows and designing IIR filters using methods like Butterworth and Chebyshev. It lists problems on designing different filter types and removing noise using filters. Requirements for the experiment include a PC and Matlab with the signal processing toolbox.

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125 views

FIR and IIR Filter Design Using Matlab: Prof. C.M Kyung

This document discusses FIR and IIR filter design using Matlab. It defines LTI systems and impulse responses. It covers the z-transform and characteristics of FIR and IIR filters. The document describes designing FIR filters using windows and designing IIR filters using methods like Butterworth and Chebyshev. It lists problems on designing different filter types and removing noise using filters. Requirements for the experiment include a PC and Matlab with the signal processing toolbox.

Uploaded by

mailme4121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 9

FIR and IIR Filter design using Matlab

2007/11/16

Prof. C.M Kyung


FIR and IIR Filter

 GOAL
 Linear-Time-Invariant (LTI) system and Impulse response

 z-Transform

 Characteristics of FIR and IIR filters

 Design procedure of FIR and IIR filters


FIR and IIR Filter

 LTI System
 Input (x(t) or x[n]) and Output (y(t) or y[n]) is defined first
 For a given system, it can be either LTI or non-LTI depending on how we
define the input and output.

 Linearity
 For arbitrary x1[n] and x2 [n] , the output of the system for x[n]  x1[n]  x2 [n]
is the sum the output for x1[n] and x2 [n] . (superposition)

i.e. output{x1[n]  x2[n]}  output{x1[n]}  output{x2[n]}

 Time-invariance
 Time-shift in input results in time-shift in output by same amount for time-
invariant systems.
i.e. y[n]  output{x[n]}  y[n  m]  output{x[n  m]}
FIR and IIR Filter

 Impulse Response
 Definition
 Impulse response is the output of the system when impulse signal
 (t ) or  [n] is applied as the input of the system.

 Importance
 Impulse response “fully describes” the system if the system is LTI.
– Why and how?
– Why the impulse response CANNOT fully describe a non-LTI system?

 Fourier transform of the impulse response shows the characteristic of the


system is frequency domain.
FIR and IIR Filter

 z-Transform
 Definition 
 The z-transform of a sequence x[n ] is defined as X ( z )  {x[n]}   x[n]z
n  
n

 Example
For x[n]  a u[n] ,
n

  
1
X ( z )  {x[n]}   x[n]z
n  
n
  a u[n]z
n  
n n
  (az 1 ) n 
n 0 1  az 1 ,
| z || a |

 Note
 z-transform is reduced to discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) if z is
substituted by e j.
 This means that z-transform on the unit-circle on the complex plain is same as
DTFT.
 Laplace Transform CTFT ~ z-Transform  DTFT
FIR and IIR Filter

 Ideal frequency-selective filter


 A filter whose frequency response is unity over a certain frequency
range and zero for other frequencies.

 Frequency response of an ideal low-pass filter


Ideal Low pass filter

0.8
Frequency Response

0.6

0.4

0.2

-0.2
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
frequency

 However, an ideal low-pass filter is noncausal.


FIR and IIR Filter
 FIR / IIR filter
 Definition
 If the length of the impulse response is finite, the filter is an FIR (finite impulse
response) filter. Otherwise, the filter is an IIR (infinite impulse response) filter.

 FIR
 Inherently BIBO (bounded-input, bounded-output) stable
 Nonzero pole does not exist in its transfer function
 Easy to implement
 Can be designed to have linear phase property

 IIR
 Sometimes unstable
 Nonzero pole exists in its transfer function
 Lower filter order than a corresponding FIR filter
 Usually have nonlinear phase property
FIR and IIR Filter

 Filter Design Procedure


 Design continuous-time IIR filter
 Obtain desired H (s ) using Butterworth, Chebyshev methods

 Convert it to discrete-time IIR filter using impulse invariance


j 
 Impulse invariance : h[n]  Td hc (nTd )  H (e )  H c ( j ), |  | 
Td
if H c ( j)  0, |  |  / Td

 Obtain discrete-time FIR filter by windowing the IIR filter


 Windowing : hFIR[n]  hIIR [n]w[n]
 Commonly used windows : rectangular, Bartlett, Hanning, Hamming,
Blackman, Kaiser, …
 However, windowing does not give the optimum solution and other approaches
can be used.
FIR and IIR Filter

 Frequency response of various filters


FIR and IIR Filter

 Problem Statements

 Design several types of FIR and IIR filters


 IIR – butterworth, chebyshev type1, chebyshev type 2, …
 FIR – using different windows ( Hamming, Hanning, Bartlett, … )

 Remove the noise in acoustic signal using the filters


 What are the differences between the filters ?

 Understand the effect of sampling frequency on the sampled signal


distortion (aliasing)
FIR and IIR Filter

 Experiment Requirements

 PC
 Matlab software (with signal processing toolbox)
FIR and IIR Filter
 References

 Fundamentals of Signal & System using the web and matlab


- Edward W. Kamen, Bonnie S. Heck

 Discrete-Time Signal Processing


- Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer

 http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/signal/fi
lterde.html

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