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Warm-Up Codlets: Bur.f: Burgers Equation KPZ.F: KPZ Equation Sand.f: Sandpile Model

The codlets provide simple examples of solving nonlinear partial differential equations using finite difference methods. The bur.f codlet solves the Burgers equation using centered differences. The KPZ.f codlet solves the KPZ equation and includes stochastic noise treated with Euler integration. The Sand.f codlet illustrates a basic sandpile cellular automaton model. The codlets are intended as examples for learning and not for detailed simulations.

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55 views

Warm-Up Codlets: Bur.f: Burgers Equation KPZ.F: KPZ Equation Sand.f: Sandpile Model

The codlets provide simple examples of solving nonlinear partial differential equations using finite difference methods. The bur.f codlet solves the Burgers equation using centered differences. The KPZ.f codlet solves the KPZ equation and includes stochastic noise treated with Euler integration. The Sand.f codlet illustrates a basic sandpile cellular automaton model. The codlets are intended as examples for learning and not for detailed simulations.

Uploaded by

jahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nonlinear Conservation

equations: Practice

Warm-up Codlets:

Bur.f: Burgers equation


KPZ.f: KPZ equation
Sand.f: sandpile model

Sauro Succi
Burgers codlet

The codlet bur.f employs simple centered differences


More sophisticated schemes can be applied based
On what we learned with continuity equations.
Bur.f

c Solve the Burgers equation by a simple centered FD scheme,


c possibly with Lax variant and dynamic time-stepping
c Disclaimer: just a warm-up codlet, not intended for production
runs.
c Sauro Succi AC274, Fall 2016
c =====================================================
parameter (nx=100)
dimension u(0:nx+1),unew(0:nx+1)
logical lax
c -----------------------------------
open(36,file='movie.out')
open(37,file='spacetime.out')
c -----------------------------------------------
Bur.f: 2
dt = 0.1
dx = 1.0
vis = 0.1
cfl = 0.1
dtd = 1.0
if(vis.ne.0.0) dtd = 0.5*dx*dx/dif
NT = 1000
sigma = nx/10
lax = .true.
umax = -9.e19
do j=0,nx+1
x = float(j-nx/2)/sigma
u(j) = sin(4.*x)
u(j) = exp(-0.5*x*x)
if(abs(u(j)).gt.umax) umax = abs(u(j))
end do
c now estimate advective CFL
dta = 1.0
if(umax.ne.0.) dta = dx/umax
dt = cfl*min(dta,dtd)
write(6,*) 'dx,dt', dx,dt
Bur.f: 3
c time evolution
do it=1,NT
u(0) = u(nx)
u(nx+1) = u(1)
do j=1,nx
uj = u(j)
c Lax variant
if(lax.eqv..true.) uj=0.5*(u(j-1)+u(j+1))
c the CFL coeff's must be updated in case dt has changed
alfa = uj*dt/dx
delta = vis*dt/(dx*dx)
a = 0.5*alfa+delta
b = -0.5*alfa+delta
c = 1.0-a-b
unew(j) = a*u(j-1)+c*u(j)+b*u(j+1)
end do
Bur.f: 4

c prepare new timestep


umax = -1.e19
do j=1,nx
u(j) = unew(j)
if(abs(u(j)).gt.umax) umax = abs(u(j))
end do
dta = dx/umax
dt = cfl*min(dta,dtd)
alfa = uj*dt/dx
Bur.f: 5

if(mod(it,10).eq.1) then
do j=1,nx
write(36,*) j,u(j)
write(37,*) it,j,u(j)
end do
write(36,'(bn)')
write(36,'(bn)')
write(37,'(bn)')
endif
write(6,*) 'max velocity, dt',umax,dt

end do

stop
end
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang

The codlet kpz.f solves the 1d kpz equation with


simple centered differences.
The stochastic noise is treated by a simple Euler scheme,
More sophisticated method can be found in the huge
literature for stochastic PDEs
KPZ.f: 1
c Solve the KPZ equation with centered FD
c Disclaimer: just a warm-up codlet, not intended for production runs.
c Sauro Succi AC274, Fall 2016
c =====================================================
implicit double precision (a-h,o-z)
parameter (nx=100)
dimension h(0:nx+1),hnew(0:nx+1)
real lam
c ----------------------------------------------
open(9,file='mom.out')
open(50,file='movie.out')
c ----------------------------------------
KPZ.f: 2
nstep = 1000
nout = 2
nreal = 1 ! number of realizations, just 1 for now
c this time we don't do CFL, but take lattice units dx=dt=1
dt = 1.0
dx = 1.0
dif = 0.1 !
lam = 0.1 ! nonlinearity lambda
ramp = 0.5 ! noise amplitude, play with it
h0 = 1.0 ! initial average height
delta = dif*dt/dx/dx
iseed = 95315571
iout = 30
c initial conditions
do i=0,nx+1
h(i) = 2.*h0*ranpang(iseed)
end do
KPZ.f: 3
C loop over many random realizations
do ir=1,nreal
iseed = iseed + ir ! seed of random generator
t = 0.
do it=0,nstep
c periodic bc
h(0) = h(nx)
h(nx+1) = h(1)
c update
do i=1,nx
g = 0.5*(h(i+1)-h(i-1))/dx ! slope
a = delta
b = delta
c = 1.0-a-b
r = ramp*(2.*ranpang(iseed)-1.) ! ramp is adjusted empirically
hnew(i) = a*h(i-1)+c*h(i)+b*h(i+1)
$ + lam*g*g*dt + r*sqrt(dt)/dx

end do
KPZ.f: 4
c advance to next time step
t = t+dt
do i=1,nx
h(i) = hnew(i)
end do
c diagnostics ----------------------------------------------
htot = 0.
hvar = 0.
hlen = 0.
do i=1,nx
g = 0.5*(h(i+1)-h(i-1))/dx
htot = htot + h(i)
hvar = hvar + h(i)*h(i)
hlen = hlen + sqrt(1.0+g*g)*dx
end do
aveh = htot/nx
wid = sqrt(hvar/nx-aveh*aveh)
write(6,*) 'it,t,aveh,width,length',it,t,aveh,wid,hlen
write(9,*) t,aveh,wid,hlen
KPZ.f: 5
c movie for postproc
if(mod(it,nout).eq.0) then
do i=1,nx
write(50,*) i,h(i)
end do
write(50,'(bn)')
write(50,'(bn)')
endif
c -----------------------------------------------------
end do ! end evolution
c end realizations
write(6,*) 'Final time of realization ', ir, t
end do

stop
end
KPZ.f: 6
function ranpang(iseed)
c random number generator, from Pang, p.47
implicit double precision (a-h,o-z)
i2e30 = 2**30
ia=16807
ic=i2e30-1 ! ic=2**31-1, but 2**31 is a overflow
ic=ic+i2e30
iq=ic/ia
ir=mod(ic,ia)
ih=iseed/iq
il=mod(iseed,iq)
it=ia*il-ir*ih
if(it.gt.0) then
iseed=it
else
iseed=it+ic
endif
ranpang=iseed/float(ic)
return
end
Sandpile cellular automaton

The codlet sand.f illustrates the simple sandpile


Cellular automaton with four neighbors.
It is eaily generalized to more
sophisticated variants with 8 or more neighbors.
The evolution depends strongly on initial conditions
And also the rainfall rate as typical of
Nonlinear Driven Dissipative systems.
Sand.f: 1

c Sandpile cellular automaton


c Disclaimer: just a warm-up codlet,
c not intended for production runs.
c Sauro Succi AC274, Fall 2016
c =====================================================
implicit double precision (a-h,o-z)
parameter (nx=8,ny=8)
integer h(0:nx+1,0:ny+1),hrain
c --------------------------------
open(9,file='diagno.out')
open(36,file='movie.out')
Sand.f: 2

Nsteps = 100
hrain = 2 ! play with it
c initial configuration: empty, play wit it
do j=0,ny+1
do i=0,nx+1
h(i,j)=int(0*rand())
end do
end do
Sand.f: 3
c time evolution
do it=1,Nsteps
c load the central site (you may want to load a site at random)
ir = nx/2
jr = ny/2
h(ir,jr)=h(ir,jr)+hrain
c the boundary buffers collect the outgoing flux from the bulk
do j=1,ny
do i=1,nx
if(h(i,j).gt.4) then
h(i,j) = h(i,j)-4
h(i+1,j)=h(i+1,j)+1
h(i-1,j)=h(i-1,j)+1
h(i,j+1)=h(i,j+1)+1
h(i,j-1)=h(i,j-1)+1
endif
end do
end do
Sand.f: 4
c diagnostic
htot = 0
do j=0,ny+1
do i=0,nx+1
htot = htot + h(i,j)
write(36,*) i,j,h(i,j)
end do
write(36,'(bn)')
end do
write(36,'(bn)')
write(36,'(bn)’)
write(6,*), it,htot,ir,jr,h(ir,jr)
write(9,*), it,htot,h(ir,jr)
end do

stop
end
End of the Lecture

Enjoy the sim’s!

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