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Chapter 03 Digestion

The document discusses digestion, absorption, and metabolism. It defines these processes and describes the organs of the digestive system and their functions. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break foods like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into nutrients through hydrolysis. These nutrients are then absorbed and used by tissues through metabolism. The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, and large intestine are described along with their roles in digestion.

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68 views11 pages

Chapter 03 Digestion

The document discusses digestion, absorption, and metabolism. It defines these processes and describes the organs of the digestive system and their functions. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break foods like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into nutrients through hydrolysis. These nutrients are then absorbed and used by tissues through metabolism. The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, and large intestine are described along with their roles in digestion.

Uploaded by

aibuty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

1
Objectives
 Describe the processes of digestion,
absorption, and metabolism.
 Name the organs in the digestive system and
describe their functions.
 Name the enzymes or digestive juices
secreted by each organ and gland in the
digestive system.
 Calculate your basal metabolic rate (BMR).

3-2
METABOLISM
 the use of the food by the body after digestion
which results in energy

3-3
Digestion
 The breakdown of food in the body in
preparation for absorption
2 actions:
1. Mechanical digestion: food is broken into
smaller pieces by teeth and moved along the
gastrointestinal tract by peristalsis.

PERISTALSIS
 rhythmical movement of the intestinal tract;

moves the chyme along


(continues)
3-4
Digestion
2. Chemical digestion: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
are broken down into nutrients that tissues can absorb and
use.
HYDROLYSIS
 the addition of water resulting in the breakdown of the
molecule
ENZYMES
 organic substances that cause changes in other substances
CATALYST
 a substance that causes another substance to react
PANCREAS
 gland that secretes enzymes essential for digestion and
(continues)
3-5
insulin, which is essential for glucose metabolism
(continued)

Digestion
 Chemical changes occur through hydrolysis.
 Enzymes act on food substances, causing
them to break down into simple compounds.
 An enzyme can act as a catalyst, which
speeds up the chemical reactions without
itself being changed in the process.

3-6
2

3-7
3-8
Digestion in the Mouth
 Enzyme (salivary amylase) acts on starch.
 Teeth break up food; food mixes with saliva.
 Bolus formed.
 Length of time food is in mouth is brief
BOLUS
 food in the mouth that is ready to be
swallowed
SALIVARY AMYLASE
 also called ptyalin; the enzyme secreted by
the salivary glands to act on starch 3-9
Digestion in the Mouth
 Food is normally held in the mouth for such a
short time that only small amounts of
carbohydrates are chemically changed there.
 The salivary glands also secrete a mucous
material that lubricates and binds food particles
to help in swallowing the bolus.

3-10
Esophagus
 Food travels through this muscular tube.
 Connects mouth to stomach
 Peristalsis and gravity act to move bolus.
 Cardiac sphincter opens at lower end of
esophagus to allow passage of bolus into
stomach.

CARDIAC SPHINCTER
 the muscle at the base of the esophagus that
prevents gastric reflux from moving into the 3-11

esophagus

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