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Introduction To MATLAB and Image Processing

This document provides an introduction to image processing in MATLAB. It discusses how images are represented as matrices in MATLAB, with each pixel as a matrix element. It describes how to import and export various image formats, and manipulate images using arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators. It also covers flow control using if/else statements and for/while loops. Finally, it discusses creating M-files to define MATLAB functions for image processing tasks.

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Paramesh Waran
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72 views14 pages

Introduction To MATLAB and Image Processing

This document provides an introduction to image processing in MATLAB. It discusses how images are represented as matrices in MATLAB, with each pixel as a matrix element. It describes how to import and export various image formats, and manipulate images using arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators. It also covers flow control using if/else statements and for/while loops. Finally, it discusses creating M-files to define MATLAB functions for image processing tasks.

Uploaded by

Paramesh Waran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to MATLAB and

image processing
MATLAB and images
• The help in MATLAB is very good, use it!
• An image in MATLAB is treated as a matrix
• Every pixel is a matrix element
• All the operators in MATLAB defined on
matrices can be used on images: +, -, *, /, ^, sqrt, sin, cos etc.
Images in MATLAB
• MATLAB can import/export • Data types in MATLAB
several image formats – Double (64-bit double-precision
– BMP (Microsoft Windows Bitmap) floating point)
– GIF (Graphics Interchange Files) – Single (32-bit single-precision
floating point)
– HDF (Hierarchical Data Format)
– Int32 (32-bit signed integer)
– JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
Group) – Int16 (16-bit signed integer)
– PCX (Paintbrush) – Int8 (8-bit signed integer)
– PNG (Portable Network Graphics) – Uint32 (32-bit unsigned integer)
– TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) – Uint16 (16-bit unsigned integer)
– XWD (X Window Dump) – Uint8 (8-bit unsigned integer)
– MATLAB can also load raw-data or
other types of image data
Images in MATLAB
• Binary images : {0,1}
• Intensity images : [0,1] or uint8, double etc.
• RGB images : m-by-n-by-3
• Indexed images : m-by-3 color map
• Multidimensional images m-by-n-by-p (p is the number of layers)
Image import and export
• Read and write images in Matlab
>> I=imread('cells.jpg');
>> imshow(I)
>> size(I)
ans = 479 600 3 (RGB image)
>> Igrey=rgb2gray(I);
>> imshow(Igrey)
>> imwrite(lgrey, 'cell_gray.tif', 'tiff')

Alternatives to imshow
>>imagesc(I)
>>imtool(I)
>>image(I)
Images and Matrices
• How to build a matrix (or image)?
>> A = [ 1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9 ];
A= 1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = zeros(3,3)
B= 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> C = ones(3,3)
C= 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

>>imshow(A) (imshow(A,[]) to get automatic pixel range)


Images and Matrices
• Accesing image elements (row, column) X
>> A(2,1)
ans = 4
• : can be used to extract a whole column or
row Y
>> A(:,2)
ans =
2
5
8
• or a part of a column or row
>> A(1:2,2) A=
ans = 1 2 3
2 4 5 6
5 7 8 9
Image Arithmetic
• Arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division can be applied to images in MATLAB
– +, -, *, / performs matrix operations
>> A+A
ans = 2 4 6
8 10 12
14 16 18
>> A*A
ans = 30 36 42
66 81 96
102 126 150

• To perform an elementwise operation use . (.*, ./, .*, .^ etc)


>> A.*A
ans = 1 4 9 A=
1 2 3
16 25 36
4 5 6
49 64 81
7 8 9
Logical Conditions
• equal (==) , less than and greater than (< and >), not equal (~=) and not (~)
• find(‘condition’) - Returns indexes of A’s elements that satisfies the
condition.
>> [row col]=find(A==7)
row = 3
A=
col = 1
1 2 3
>> [row col]=find(A>7)
4 5 6
row = 3
7 8 9
3
col = 2
3
>> Indx=find(A<5)
Indx = 1
2
4
7
Flow Control
• Flow control in MATLAB
- if, else and elseif statements
(row=1,2,3 col=1,2,3)
if row==col
A(row, col)=1;
elseif abs(row-col)==1
A(row, col)=2;
else
A(row, col)=0;
end
Flow Control
• Flow control in MATLAB
- for loops

for row=1:3
for col=1:3
if row==col
A(row, col)=1;
elseif abs(row-col)==1 A=
A(row, col)=2;
else 1 2 0
2 1 2
A(row, col)=0;
0 2 1
end
end
end
Flow Control
• while, expression, statements, end A=
1 2 3
4 5 6
Indx=1; 7 8 9
while A(Indx)<6
A(Indx)=0;
Indx=Indx+1;
end

A=

0 2 3
0 5 6
7 8 9
Working with M-Files
• M-files can be scripts that simply execute a series of MATLAB statements,
or they can be functions that also accept input arguments and produce
output.
• MATLAB functions:
– Are useful for extending the MATLAB language for your application.
– Can accept input arguments and return output arguments.
– Store variables in a workspace internal to the function.
Working with M-Files
• Create a new empty m-file

function B=test(I)
[row col]=size(I)
for r=1:row
for c=1:col
if r==c
A(r, c)=1;
elseif abs(r-c)==1
A(r, c)=2;
else
A(r, c)=0;
end
end
end

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