- Agurto, Morely

- Bartolini, Vanina
- Chavarry, Rovira
- García, Daniela
- Lopez, Clark
- Salazar, Juan Carlos
- Quiroz, Mariajosé
 STEM CELLS

They are undifferentiated They have the potential

cells that can give rise to
to become many
different types of tissues,
such as those constituted different types of cells
by liver, nerve cells in the body

They serve as a
repair system for
the organism
 STEM CELLS

They differ from other cells of the

body in 3 ways

They can divide They are not specialized

Thye have the potential
and renew so they can not fulfill
to become specialized
themselves for a specific functions in the
cells, such as muscle cells
long time body
spañol

IMPORTANCE OF STEM CELLS

They are important because They have the potential

human development is to treat a huge range of
based on them diseases

• Self-renewal Their potential to treat

• Differentiation so many diseases,
• Not specialized relays on their unique
properties
 TYPES OF STEM CELLS
Totipotent: They can transform into any kind
of cell of the body, to which they belong and,
therefore, may lead to a new one be
complete.

Pluripotent: Pluripotent stem cells are cells that have

the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop
into the three primary germ cell layers of the early
embryo and therefore into all cells of the adult body,
but not extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta.
• Multipotent: They are stem cells that can
only be differentiated into a limited number
of cell types.

• For example, the bone marrow contains

multipotential stem cells, which can divide to
form other cells of the bone marrow or give
rise to any blood cell, but not to other types
of cells.
 DISEASES TREATED WITH STEM CELLS
• Stem cells are one of the most fascinating and
revolutionary areas of medicine today. A wide
range of diseases that are treatable with stem
cells derived from cord blood and other sources
of similar type of stem cells (Haematopoietic
Stem Cell).
• In addition to the host of conditions that can
now be treated, it is the potential of stem cell
treatments that holds the most excitement as
research continues to uncover new
possibilities. The potential and efficacy of
treating diseases with stem cells are real.
TREATMENT WITH STEM CELLS IN CORD BLOOD

The may be collected from the

umbilical cord of a newborn after
There are limitations to the
birth. Cells can be frozen type of diseases that can be
("criopreservate") in cellular banks treated: cord blood stem
and are currently used as treatment
for children with cancerous blood
cells can only be used to
disorders such as leukemia, or produce new blood cells.
genetic blood disorders such as
Fanconi anemia.

In adults, treatment is more

difficult, although some
successes were achieved by
transplanting cells from two
umbilical cords.
WHAT DISEASES COULD BE TREATED BY STEM CELL
RESEARCH?
In theory, there’s no limit to the types of diseases that could be treated
with stem cell research.
 ACUTE BIPHENOTYPIC LEUKEMIA
• Uncommon type of leukemia which arises in
multipotent progenitor cells which have the
ability differentiating into
both myeloid and lymphoid lineages.
• It is a subtype of "leukemia of ambiguous
lineage".
• The direct reason lead BAL is still not clear. BAL
can be secondary to previous cytotoxic
therapy. Many factors, such as
virus, hereditary factors, radiation, might have
relationship with BAL.
• BAL is hard to treat, usually
the chemotherapy is chosen according to the
morphology of the blast. The stem cell
transplantation is highly recommended.
ALZHEIMER´S DISEASE
• Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. People affected by AD
commonly experience memory loss, confusion and mood swings.
• The cause of AD is still unknown, but several theories focus on two proteins, called
‘amyloid beta’ and ‘tau’, which are found in deteriorating areas of an AD brain.
• Undifferentiated stem cells have the ability to grow in nerve tissue. Using your own
undifferentiated stem cells from your stomach will give you the opportunity to re-grow your
brain tissue. Because there are a variety of degrees of Alzheimer's disease, it is not
proven how stem cell therapy can help all people with Alzheimer's disease
• The brain is not a simple organ, like theNoliver, if atreatments
stem cell part of are
your liverapproved
currently goes for
wrong, then the liver regenerates and functions aseffects
AD. Positive normal. Theseen
have been brain does
with neural
not, perhaps it would be detrimental if it did
stem cell transplants given to mice with a disease
similar to AD, but researchers are still studying
what these stem cells are doing and how they
might help repair the brain.
CONTRAINDICATIONS

• The use of embryonic stem cells

can cause tumors.
• Exacerbated vasculitis: capillaritis,
phlebitis, arteritis
• Acute thrombosis

• Acute hemophthalmia (after 3 months).

• Expressed pulmonary hypertension secondary to
vasculitis, thrombosis, pneumonia.
• Myelocarcinosis, myelofibrosis.
 ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF STEM CELLS

Is it morally permissible to
use human embryos for the
production of stem cells?
• the embryo is a human subject
• right to life
• seriously immoral act
• a good end does not justify an evil
action
 ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF STEM CELLS

7.2. Is it morally licit to use

differentiated cells obtained by
other researchers?
• it is a material cooperation to evil

• types of cooperation to evil:

formal and material