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Introduction To Matlab: Sara Viqar

This document provides an introduction to MATLAB. It discusses what MATLAB is, its uses, variables, matrices, basic mathematical and logical operations, and built-in functions. MATLAB can be used for matrix computations, solving equations, signal processing, and modeling dynamical systems. Everything in MATLAB is treated as a matrix. The document also provides examples of creating matrices and vectors, accessing elements, and links for MATLAB tutorials.

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227 views27 pages

Introduction To Matlab: Sara Viqar

This document provides an introduction to MATLAB. It discusses what MATLAB is, its uses, variables, matrices, basic mathematical and logical operations, and built-in functions. MATLAB can be used for matrix computations, solving equations, signal processing, and modeling dynamical systems. Everything in MATLAB is treated as a matrix. The document also provides examples of creating matrices and vectors, accessing elements, and links for MATLAB tutorials.

Uploaded by

ghost3261
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction To Matlab

SARA VIQAR
What is MATLAB
MATLAB :- Matlab is a program for doing numerical
computation. It was originally designed for solving
linear algebra type problems using matrices. It’s name
is derived from MATrix LABoratory.
Introduction
High level language for technical computing
MATLAB is relatively easy to learn
In MATLAB everything is a matrix
MATLAB may behave like a calculator or as a
programming language
MATLAB is specifically designed for scientific
computation
Can be linked to C/C++, JAVA, SQL, etc
For MATLAB tutorials
Visit the following website
http://
www.mathworks.com/academia/student_center/tutoria
ls
Use Of MATLAB
 Examples:
 Matrix computations and linear algebra
 Solving nonlinear equations
 Numerical solution of differential equations
 Mathematical optimization
 Statistics and data analysis
 Signal processing
 Modelling of dynamical systems
 Solving partial differential equations
 Simulation of engineering systems
MATLAB window

Workspace

Command
Window

History
Variables

No need to declare the variable as you do in C++


 Variable names can contain up to 63 characters
Variable names must start with a letter followed by
letters, digits, and underscores.
Variable names are case sensitive
Variables
To define a scalar we may simply use the equal sign
a=3
To define a vector we use the equal sign and square
brackets v=[3 ,5, 7]
To define character variables we use the equal sign and
single quotes c=‘abc’
Matlab Special Variables
‘ans’ Default variable name for results
‘pi’ Value of π
‘eps’ (epsilon) Smallest incremental number
‘inf’ Infinity
‘NaN’ Not a number e.g. 0/0
‘realmin’ The smallest usable positive real number
‘realmax’ The largest usable positive real number
‘I’ or ‘j’ for imaginary numbers i-e iota
Matlab Matrices
Matlab treats all variables as matrices. For
our purposes a matrix can be thought of as
an array, in fact, that is how it is stored.
 Vectors are special forms of matrices and contain only
one row OR one column.
 Scalars are matrices with only one row AND
one column
A matrix with only one row is called a row vector.
Matrices
Elements of a row are separated by comma (,)
while that of a column are separated by semi-colon (;)
Example
rowvec = [12 , 14 , 63]
colvec = [13 ; 45 ; -2]
Practice Exercise

Create a 3x4 matrix i-e a matrix having three rows and


four columns. The matrix elements can be of your own
choice
Matrix Operations
-- Accessing Single Elements of a Matrix
A(a,b)
-- Accessing Multiple Elements of a Matrix
A(a:c,b)
-- Deleting Rows and Columns
A(:,b) =[] :- this command will delete the bth col of
matrix A
-- Concatenating Matrices A and B
C=[A;B]
Some Pre-defined Matrices
zeros(m, n): matrix with all zeros
ones(m, n): matrix with all ones.
eye(m, n): the identity matrix
rand(m, n): uniformly distributed random
randn(m, n): normally distributed random
magic(m): square matrix whose elements have the
same sum along the column
Examining Numbers and Characters

who This command lists the names of all currently


defined variables.
size Size (name) returns the size of the variable
(name).
clear Erases the values of all defined variables.
Basic Mathematical Functions
+ Is the addition operator.
-Is the subtraction operator.
* Performs multiplication.
/ Performs right division. (b/a = b*Inv(a))
\ Performs left division. (b\a= Inv(a)*b)
^ Performs exponentiation.
Matlab Relational Operators
MATLAB supports six relational operators.
Less Than <
Less Than or Equal <=
Greater Than >
Greater Than or Equal >=
Equal To ==
 Not Equal To ~=
Matlab Logical Operators
MATLAB supports three logical operators.
Not ~ highest precedence
and & equal precedence with or
or | equal precedence with and
Some Built In Functions
mean(A):mean value of a vector
max(A), min (A): maximum and minimum.
sum(A): summation.
sort(A): sorted vector
median(A): median value
std(A): standard deviation.
det(A) : determinant of a square matrix
dot(a,b): dot product of two vectors
Cross(a,b): cross product of two vectors
Inv(A): Inverse of a matrix A
MATLAB HELP
MATLAB HELP
Some useful links
https://engineering.purdue.edu/ECN/Support/KB/Do
cs/MatlabCharlesBoumans/index_html
http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/mia/mat/mia_m
at3.htm
http://www.cyclismo.org/tutorial/matlab/
http
://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/techdo
c/matlab.html
Lab Task
Questions:
1. What are MATLAB command(s) to create the
matrix:

2. Provide MATLAB commands(s) to create a vector


consisting of all the numbers between 21 and 65 with a
step size of 4 in ascending order without having to
exhaustively enter them
Lab Task
Assume we have a 1×4 vector x = [4 5 2 6] stored in
MATLAB. Translate the following operations into
simple MATLAB commands one would enter at the
MATLAB prompt that make use of x:
 Add 16 to each element of the vector x to produce
another vector with the results.
Create a vector where each element value is the square
root of each element of x.
Lab Task
Evaluate the following MATLAB expressions by hand
first and then verify via MATLAB. Please
provide the final numerical results next to the
corresponding expression.
a. 2 / 2 * 3
b. 6 - 2 / 5 + 7 ^ 2 – 1
c. 10 / 2 \ 5 - 3 + 2 * 4
d. 3 ^ 2 / 4
e. 3 ^ 2 ^ 2
f. 2 + round(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 – 3
Working with M-Files
M-files
Matlab can also be used as a programming language. To
program in Matlab you simply create a text file containing
Matlab commands exactly as you would type them
interactively in the Matlab window
There are two types of m-files in matlab
One is called a script. This is simply a list of Matlab
commands with noheader.
The other type is a function. Functions have a header line that
may look something like:
function y=fun1(x)
THANK YOU!!!

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