Environmental Factors and Workstation Design Affecting Printing Smes

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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND

WORKSTATION DESIGN
AFFECTING PRINTING SMEs
Q8 GROUP:
Theodoros Christian
02411640000072
Mohammad Alfian Ghiffari
02411640000075
Fitri Annisaaulkarimah
02411640000140
Nik Suhaini Binti Nik Ramli
02411748007002
CHAPTER 1
Background
• The worker performance is influenced by many factors.
 The factors is divided into two, internal and external factors.

• Environmental factor and workstation is external factors


that will affect the working performance
 Environment factors: light intensity, temperature, sounds(noise)
conduct the binding activity at the printing SMEs
 Workstation : layout and tools positioning

• Observe and record the environmental factor and


workstation at the surrounding of the printing service
Problem Identification

How is the work station and environmental factor impact to


the work performance of each printing SME employee?

How is the comparison of actual working environment to


the threshold limit value in each printing SME?

How is the comparison of existing workstation to the


ideal workstation design?

How is the recomendation for good work environment


condition and workstation in each printing SME?
Objective
• the impact of work station and environmental factor
to the work performance of each printing SME
Analyzing employee.
and Identify

• actual working performances to the threshold limit


value in each printing SME.
Compare • existing workstation to the ideal workstation design.

• Make better working environment and workstation


Recommendation
for SME
Expected Outcome

The report of working performance


based on the current environment
condition and workstation design

Recommendation of good working


environment and workstation based
on the current condition assessment
to increase the productivity
Benefit
• evaluate their environment condition

For • Increasing the productivity with


improvement of current environmental
condition

SME • Adjust their workstation layout design


into the ideal position

• Increasing the awareness of the

For author by criticizing the environment


condition and workstation
• Increasing the knowledge and

Authors experienced of ergonomic by direct


implementation based on problem in
SME
CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 1
Physical Work Environment Factors
Threshold
“For work of differentiating rough / big object,
the minimum light intensity is 200 Lux”

Source: Peraturan Menteri Perbutuhan No.7 Tahun 1964


“ For working time of
75 % - 100 % per hour with low
workload the maximum temperature
threshold is 31 0C ”

Source: Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi No. PER.13/MEN/X/2011


“For work which has 8 hours exposure
to the noise per day,
the maximum noise level is 85 dB”

Source: Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. KEP-51/MEN/1999


Ergonomic Workstation Layout
Requirements
Users should sit centered on
their task / computer monitor.

Clearance under work surface should allow room for


user’s legs without contacting work or support surfaces.

For work surface illumination


provide task lighting.

Items used less frequently should be placed in the secondary work


zone, while those used more frequently in the primary work zone.
CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 3
Methodology
Objects

Addinta Photocopy

Alvira Photocopy

Keputih Photocopy
CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
Binding Activity Flowchart
DATA GATHERED

Comparison between Three Printing SME


900
830
800

700

600

500

400
300
300

200

100 56 56 66 65
31.9 32.6 34.7
0
Temperature Light Intensity Noise

Addinta Photoocpy Alvira Photocopy Keputih Photocopy


DATA GATHERED
Time Needed for The Worker To Finish Binding Activitiy

250

215

200

150
130
121 121
112

100
95
84 81
68

50

0
20 30 40

Addinta Photocopy Alvira Photocopy Keputih Photocopy


DATA GATHERED

Comparison of Temperature Threshold to


Existing Temperature of Observed Object
35

34

33
Temperature (◦C)

32 Temperature
Threshold

31

30

29
Addinta Photocopy Alvira Photocopy Keputih Photocopy
DATA GATHERED
Comparison of Noise Threshold to
Existing Noise Level of Observed Object
90

80

70

60
Noise Level (dB)

50
Noise
40 Threshold

30

20

10

0
Addinta Photocopy Alvira Photocopy Keputih Photocopy
DATA GATHERED

Comparison of Light Intensity Threshold to


Existing Light Intensity of Observed Object
900

800

700

600
Light Intensuty (Lux)

500
Light Intensity
400 Threshold

300

200

100

0
Addinta Photocopy Alvira Photocopy Keputih Photocopy
The workstation layout of Alvira
Photocopy

Notes:
1 : The place of cutting paper tool
2 : Photocopy Machine
3 : Duct-tape place
4 : Working table
5 : Other equipment place
The workstation layout of Addinta
Photocopy

Notes:
1 : Working Table
2 : Material Shelf
3 : Cashier Desk
4 : Computers
5 : Cutting Tool Place
The workstation layout of Keputih
Photocopy

Notes:
1 : Computers
2 : Card Shelf
3 : Shelf
4 : Working Table
5 : Material and cutting tool place
CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 4
Analysis the influenced of working station and
environment to the working performance

Amount of paper didn’t influenced the time needed to


finished the job.

When the amount of paper is increase, the time that


needed should be increased.

While in the result from the graph, for 20, is the fastest, it is
increase for 30 and fall again for 40

This can be happened because the different method that


used by the worker
Analysis the influenced of working station and
environment to the working performance
The best for 20 and 40 amount of paper is addinta
• Small light intensity did not influenced
• Support by other factor, low noise and temperature compare to other
• Workstation is suit to worker
Working table height is supported by standing working position

The lowest performance for all is the keputih photocopy


• Although the working table is spacious and the environment is closed to the
threshold limit value
• Main caused the workstation design
• Workposition of the worker is not suit as the table height should be used in
sitting position instead of standing position
Analysis the influenced of working station and
environment to the working performance

Other factora that influenced are age, experience


and worker ability to do the binding job.
Analysis of Comparison of Object’s Existing
Condition to Threshold Level for Environmental
Factor

• All of the observed objects envoironmental temperature


are exceed or higher than the threshold value.

• All of the observed objects environmental noise are


lower than or below the threshold value.

• Alvira and Keputih Fotocopy environmental light


intensity are higher than the threshold value, but not for
Addinta Fotocopy.
Analysis of Workstation Layout and Tools
Positioning

• At Addinta Photocopy, the placement of computer or cashier desk,


cutting desk, binding desk, and paper cabinets are close to each
other.
• The worker has to turn their body 900 for cutting and taking paper
or plastic cover while binding.
• The positioning of cutting tools is also too low compared to another
desk.
• The frequently used tools are adhesive tape, stapler, cutting tool,
ruler, and the binding desk. At Addinta Fotocopy, those tools are
not placed at one desk, but placed at different desk and close to
each other.
Analysis of Workstation Layout and Tools
Positioning

• At Alvira Fotocopy, the placement of cutting tools desk


is separated to the binding desk, transaction desk, and
paper or plastic cover cabinets.

• The positioning of other tool such as stapler is on the


paper or plastic cover cabinets which will force the
worker to bend 900 to the right side to take the required
tools.
Analysis of Workstation Layout and Tools
Positioning

• At the Keputih Photocopy, the tools required for binding


process are placed close to each other, such as the
cutting tool, stapler, binding desk, paper and plastic
cover cabinets.

• At Keputih Fotocopy, the problem is that the desk is too


low. This low desk forces the worker to bend over while
binding.
Recommendation of the
Improvement

Add or increase the


number of fans in the place
to reduce the heat in the
surroundings

Try to add some air


conditioner in the places to
reduce the temperature
Recommendation of the
Improvement
Placing all of the frequently used tools for binding on the
same desk / table.

Set or change the desk / table at a suitable height for the


worker.

Remove unnecessary objects around the primary working


zone to create a better clearance on the work station.

Move or change the layout so that it will be directly exposed


to the light source
CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 6
Conclusion

Work performance is influenced by the environmental factor and


workstation, eventhough it does not have the absolute influenced.

All of the observed object exceed the maximum value of


temperature that allowed in the workstation

According to the recommended design and environmental factor


threshold, the order is Alvira Photocopy, Addinta Photocopy and
Keputih Photocopy

The environmental factors of SME should meet the threshold, while


the workstation design should place the tools in same place with no
unnecessary object
Suggestion

The suggestion for conducting the final project are as


follows:

• Conducting the observation carefully to get the accurate


data.
• Given the more detailed outline of the final project.
• Given more detailed instruction to conduct the
observation and compose the report.
Suggestion

The suggestion for the observed object are as follows:

• Improving the environmental condition of the work place


to increase the performance and comfort of the worker.

• Reducing the temperature level to fulfill the requirement


from the government.
CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 6
THANK YOU

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