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    Mountain Building-Folding and Faulting

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    alex
    Mountain ranges are formed by either folding or faulting of the Earth's crust. Folding occurs when crust is uplifted and bent under compressional forces along convergent plate boundaries. This results in folded rock layers forming mountain ranges like the Alps and Himalayas. Faulting can cause mountain formation through normal, reverse, or thrust faulting. Normal faults cause land to drop along the fault, forming rift valleys. Reverse and thrust faults push crust upward when plates converge, creating mountain ranges. Major mountain ranges like the Andes were formed at convergent plate boundaries through a combination of folding and faulting over millions of years.

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    Mountain Building-Folding and Faulting

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    alex
    104 views20 pages
    Mountain ranges are formed by either folding or faulting of the Earth's crust. Folding occurs when crust is uplifted and bent under compressional forces along convergent plate boundaries. This results in folded rock layers forming mountain ranges like the Alps and Himalayas. Faulting can cause mountain formation through normal, reverse, or thrust faulting. Normal faults cause land to drop along the fault, forming rift valleys. Reverse and thrust faults push crust upward when plates converge, creating mountain ranges. Major mountain ranges like the Andes were formed at convergent plate boundaries through a combination of folding and faulting over millions of years.

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    Earth Science, K to 12 curriculum. applicable from grades 7-10 class dicsussion

    Original Title

    Mountain Building-folding and Faulting

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    Mountain ranges are formed by either folding or faulting of the Earth's crust. Folding occurs when crust is uplifted and bent under compressional forces along convergent plate boundaries. This results in folded rock layers forming mountain ranges like the Alps and Himalayas. Faulting can cause mountain formation through normal, reverse, or thrust faulting. Normal faults cause land to drop along the fault, forming rift valleys. Reverse and thrust faults push crust upward when plates converge, creating mountain ranges. Major mountain ranges like the Andes were formed at convergent plate boundaries through a combination of folding and faulting over millions of years.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    104 views20 pages

    Mountain Building-Folding and Faulting

    Uploaded by

    alex
    Mountain ranges are formed by either folding or faulting of the Earth's crust. Folding occurs when crust is uplifted and bent under compressional forces along convergent plate boundaries. This results in folded rock layers forming mountain ranges like the Alps and Himalayas. Faulting can cause mountain formation through normal, reverse, or thrust faulting. Normal faults cause land to drop along the fault, forming rift valleys. Reverse and thrust faults push crust upward when plates converge, creating mountain ranges. Major mountain ranges like the Andes were formed at convergent plate boundaries through a combination of folding and faulting over millions of years.

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    of 20

    Mountain Building

     Folding

     Faulting
     Most Major Mountain ranges were formed
    by the collision of continental Plates
    Mountains by Folding
     Fold mountains are actually formed by
    crust which have been uplifted and
    folded (buckled or bent) by
    compressional forces.

    Rock that is put under extreme pressure for long


    periods of time (thousands or millions of years) will
    fold like clay.
    Mountains by Folding…cont’d  This occurs
    along
    convergent
    plate
    boundaries
    where 2
    plates move
    towards each
    other.

     Between
    continental
    plates or
    between an
    oceanic and
    a continental
    plate.
    Mountains by Folding…cont’d

     Alps

    •Himilayas

     Ande
    s
     Folding bends
    Folding many layers of
    rocks without
    breaking them.

     Often creating a
    series of peaks
    and valleys.

    •Syncline
     Anticline = Peak
    created by folding
    •Anticline
     Syncline = Valley
    creating by folding
    Mountains by Faulting
    Fault lines are cracks in the crust.

     Generally caused by tensional Forces


     Land moves apart at Faults.
     Hanging Wall drops below the Foot Wall.
     This is called a NORMAL FAULT
    Mountains by Faulting
    Normal Faults

    Hanging Wall

    Foot Wall
    Rift Valleys
     Sometimes form when many layers of the
    Earth's crust are moved vertically downward.
     Between two parallel fault lines.
     Occurs when the broken plate between 2
    parallel faults drop as the broken plates
    move away from each other
     P. 14/15
    Fault Block Mountains
     Sometimes form when many layers of the
    Earth's crust are moved vertically
    upward.
     Generally between two parallel fault
    lines.
     Vertical force is caused by the earth's
    internal pressure.
     The mountains that are formed in this
    way are called fault-block mountains.
     P. 14/15
    Block Mountains by Faulting
    Reverse Faults
     Caused By
    Compressional
    Forces (push)
     Land moves
    together at Fault.
     Footwall plate is
    forced under or
    below the hanging
    wall.
     Hanging wall may
    rise enough to form
    a mountain
    Reverse Faults – Plate below
    Reverse Faults-Plate under

    Hanging Wall

    Compression Forces

    Foot Wall
    Overthrust Fault
     Caused By
    Compressional
    Forces
     Land moves
    together at Fault.
     Foot wall plate is
    forced under the
    hanging wall.
     Plates may have
    undergone
    considerable
    folding prior to Folding occurs
    overthrusting before being
    forced under
    Tension or Compression??

     Convergent plates C
     Subduction zones C
     Rift Valleys T
     Mountains by folding C
     Mountains due to normal fault T
     Sea Floor Spreading T
     Mountains due to reverse fault. C
    Tension or Compression?- cont’d

     Mountains by subduction (2 cont. C


    plates)
     Ridge zones, particularly ocean plates T
     Divergent plates T
     Fault Block Mountains T
     Mountains due to overthrust fault C
     Trenches due to subduction C
    COMPRESSION FORCES – Recap!!
     Convergent plates – push together
     Subduction zones – plate pushed under
     Mountains by folding – bending/buckle
     Mountains by subduction (2 cont. plates)
     Mountains due to reverse fault.
     Mountains due to overthrust fault.
     Trenches due to subduction {diagram 1.9, p.
    11}
     Volcanic Mountains by subduction
    (continental and ocean plate) {diagram 1.9,
    p. 11}
    TENSION FORCES – Recap!!

     Divergent plates
     Ridge zones, particularly ocean
    plates
     Mountains due to normal fault
     Rift Valleys
     Block Mountains
     Sea Floor Spreading
     THE END!!!!

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