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USART

The document discusses USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter), which is a peripheral that allows for serial communication between two devices using a transmit pin and receive pin. It describes the parameters that must be set for communication such as baud rate, number of data bits, parity, and stop bits. It also provides details on how data is transmitted as a serial stream of bits and received to be reconstructed into bytes. PIC microcontrollers use USART with registers like TXSTA, RCSTA, and SPBRG to control serial communication settings and transfer of data.

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173 views13 pages

USART

The document discusses USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter), which is a peripheral that allows for serial communication between two devices using a transmit pin and receive pin. It describes the parameters that must be set for communication such as baud rate, number of data bits, parity, and stop bits. It also provides details on how data is transmitted as a serial stream of bits and received to be reconstructed into bytes. PIC microcontrollers use USART with registers like TXSTA, RCSTA, and SPBRG to control serial communication settings and transfer of data.

Uploaded by

kaushikei22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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USART

 UART = Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

 It is commonly referred as serial port

 It is a peripheral for point-to-point communication between


two devices

 Communication occurs in serial, i.e. one bit at time Two


communication PINs: RX and TX.
USART
Universal Synchronous / Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter
Serial Communications Interface (SCI)
PC serial port / modem
Transmit
Parallel  serial
Data byte as 8 serial bits
Receive
Serial  parallel
Assemble 8 bits as data byte
Modes
Asynchronous
Full duplex — simultaneous transmit + receive
Synchronous
Half duplex — transmit or receive
Master — synchronize data to internal clock
Slave — synchronize data to external clock

Embedded Systems — Hadassah College — Spring 2012 PIC Microcontroller Dr. Martin Land 2
USART

 The following parameters must be set in the UART hardware:

 transmission speed, in bps = Bit Per Second or baud

 number of bits per character, usually 8

 presence/absence of parity bit, usually absent

 number of stop bits, usually 1

 A setting 19200,8,N,1 means:

 speed = 19200 bit-per-second;


 bits = 8;
 parity = None;
 stop bits = 1
USART – Transmission basics
 When no transmission, the line is set to Logical “1”

 Then the software triggers the transmission of a byte


(e.g. “C”, hexcode 43, binary 0100 0011)

 First a Logical “0” is transmitted, called start bit

 Then the byte is transmitted LSB first

 An additional parity bit may follow (not in the example); it


used for error checking

 One or two stop bits (Logical “1”) ends the transmission


USART Transmit Operation
Data
Byte  TXREG  framing TSR  bit FIFO  TX pin
Framing — add start bit / parity bit

Interrupt on empty TXREG

TSR full / empty Port Enable

Parity bit
Transmit Speed

Embedded Systems — Hadassah College — Spring 2012 PIC Microcontroller Dr. Martin Land 5
USART Receive Operation
Data
RX pin  bit FIFO  RSR  RCREG  byte
Framing
Identify data between stop bits
Check for parity error Overrun Error Framing Error
Continuous Receive Enable

Sample + FIFO
Parity bit

Port Enable

RCREG full

Embedded Systems — Hadassah College — Spring 2012 PIC Microcontroller Dr. Martin Land 6
USART

 PIC’s hardware USART,

 The three registers are

 TXSTA,
 RCSTA and
 SPBRG.

 The SPBRG is used to calculate the baud rate of the transmissions.


USART – TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER
USART – RECEIVE STATUSAND CONTROL REGISTER
USART

We will only look at four bits from TXSTA and 1 bit on RCSTA.

 Bit TXEN (bit 5) on TXSTA enables or disables transmission,

 SYNC ( bit 4) sets asynchronous or synchronous mode while BRGH


(bit 2) sets high speed or low speed mode.

 The formula used to compute for the baud rate is different in high
speed or low speed mode shown below:
 X is the contents of the register SPBRG
USART - EXAMPLE

A baud rate of 9600 using a 4 MHz oscillator at high speed and


asynchronous mode will have SPBRG = 25 as shown:

 TRMT (bit 1) is a flag that sets if the data has been sent.

 SPEN (bit 7) of the RCSTA register enables RC6 and RC7 as serial port
pins. This is the bit you need to set to enable serial communication.

 The data to be transmitted must be placed inside the TXREG register


while the data received is placed inside the RCREG register.
USART - EXAMPLE
THANK YOU

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