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06 Practical Design Approach

The document provides guidance on practical design approaches for pressure vessels and heat exchangers. It includes methods for determining allowable nozzle loads, addressing thermal expansion of vertical and horizontal vessels, modeling pump thermal expansion, checking flange integrity using the Kellogg equivalent pressure method, and verifying local stresses along pipe attachments using the Kellogg pipe trunnion method. Equations and considerations are given for each method.

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183 views10 pages

06 Practical Design Approach

The document provides guidance on practical design approaches for pressure vessels and heat exchangers. It includes methods for determining allowable nozzle loads, addressing thermal expansion of vertical and horizontal vessels, modeling pump thermal expansion, checking flange integrity using the Kellogg equivalent pressure method, and verifying local stresses along pipe attachments using the Kellogg pipe trunnion method. Equations and considerations are given for each method.

Uploaded by

ballisnothing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL DESIGN APPROACHES:

 Allowable Nozzle Loads for Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers


 Vertical Vessel Thermal Expansion
 Horizontal Vessel Thermal Expansion
 Pump Thermal Expansion Model
 Kellogg Pressure Equivalent Method for Flange Check
 Kellogg Pipe Trunnion Verification
Practical Design Approaches:
Allowable Nozzle Loads for Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers
• D = Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)
• Force in kN. Moment in kN.m

• For shell nozzles


• Longitudinal Force VL = b x 2.0 x D
• Circumferential Force VC = b x 1.5 x D
• Axial Tension/Compress. Force P = b x 2.0 x D
• Longitudinal Bending Moment ML = b x 0.13 x D2
• Circumferential Bending Moment MC = b x 0.1 x D2
• Torsional Moment MT = b x 0.15 x D2

• For head nozzles


• Axial Tension/Compress. Force P = b x 2.0 x D
Flange b Value b Value
• Resultant Shear Force VR = b x 2.5 x D
Rating Vessel Heat
Exchanger • Torsional Moment MT = b x 0.15 x D2
• Resultant Bending Moment MR = b x 0.164 x D2
150 lb 0.6 0.75
300 lb 0.7 0.75 • Notes
600 lb 0.8 1.25 • Agreement with Equipment section shall be made before
applying this approach to the project.
900 lb 1.8 3 • b Value can be adjusted to be suitable by users.
1500 lb 3 4 • This approach provides conservative check. Any design loads
that are within the limitations do not require further check. If
design loads exceed these limitations, further check with more
comprehensive methods is required.
Practical Design Approaches:
Vertical Vessel Thermal Expansion
𝐷5
𝑇5 • Use temperature of outlet nozzles for figuring vessel
growth (Not vessel operating temperature)
𝐷4 𝐿5
 Typical Radial Displacement, 𝐷0
𝑇4
 𝐷0 = 𝑅 × 𝛼0 ; 𝛼0 @𝑇0

𝐿4  Vertical Displacement 𝐷1
𝐷3
 𝐷1 = −𝐿1 × 𝛼1 + 𝐷𝑠 ; 𝛼1 @𝑇1
𝑇3

 Vertical Displacement 𝐷2
𝑇1 +𝑇2
𝐷0 𝐿3  𝐷2 = 𝐿2 × 𝛼2 + 𝐷𝑠 ; 𝛼2 @ 2
𝐷2
𝑇2  Vertical Displacement 𝐷3
𝑇2 +𝑇3
𝐷𝑠  𝐷3 = 𝐿3 × 𝛼3 + 𝐷2 ; 𝛼3 @
𝐿2 2

𝐿1  Vertical Displacement 𝐷4
𝑇1 𝑇3 +𝑇4
 𝐷4 = 𝐿4 × 𝛼4 + 𝐷3 ; 𝛼4 @
𝐷1 2

 Vertical Displacement 𝐷5
𝑇𝑠
Anchor 𝑇4 +𝑇5
 𝐷5 = 𝐿5 × 𝛼5 + 𝐷4 ; 𝛼5 @ 2
Practical Design Approaches:
Vertical Vessel Thermal Expansion

• Skirt Displacement, 𝐷𝑠
• 𝐷𝑠 = ℎ × 𝛼𝑠
𝛼𝑠 @𝑇′
Practical Design Approaches:
Horizontal Vessel Thermal Expansion
𝐿

• Use vessel temperature 𝑇𝑜 for


𝐷𝐴
𝐷𝐿
determine 𝛼
𝑇𝑜
• Vertical Displacement, 𝐷𝐴
Anchor • 𝐷𝐴 = 𝐴 × 𝛼

• Longitudinal Displacement, 𝐷𝐿
• 𝐷𝐿 = 𝐿 × 𝛼
Sliding Fixed
Saddle Saddle

𝐵 • Lateral Displacement, 𝐷𝐵
• 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐵 × 𝛼

𝐴
Practical Design Approaches:
Pump Thermal Expansion Model

Discharge Nozzle Anchor

Discharge Nozzle

Anchor

Discharge Nozzle

Anchor
Anchor
Practical Design Approaches:
Kellogg Equivalent Pressure Method

Kellogg company introduced the method to check the integrity of flange joints by
converting moment and force to equivalent pressure as following equation

16𝑀 4𝐹
𝑃𝑒𝑞 = + + 𝑃𝐷 ≤ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜋𝐺 3 𝜋𝐺 2

Where
𝑃𝑒𝑞 = Equivalent Pressure
𝑀 = Bending Moment on Flange
𝐺 = Diameter of Effective Gasket Reaction
(Method for calculating G is provided in ASME B&PVC
Section VIII Div.1 App-2)
𝐹 = Axial Force on Flange
𝑃𝐷 = Design Pressure
Practical Design Approaches:
Kellogg Pipe Trunnion Verification

Kellogg company suggested the 1. Cylindrical shell bending stress at


method to verify local stress along pipe attachment junction can be
attachment edge approximated by following formula

1.17𝑓𝑅 0.5
𝑆𝐵 = 1.5
𝑡 + 𝑡𝑝
Where
• 𝑆𝐵 = Bending stress in pipe shell
• 𝑓 = Linear load induced by pipe
attachment
Fl • 𝑅 = Outside radius of pipe shell

Fc • 𝑡 = Corroded wall thickness of pipe


(plus reinforcing pad if applicable)
Fa • 𝑡𝑝 = Reinforcing pad thickness
Practical Design Approaches:
Kellogg Pipe Trunnion Verification

2. Calculate linear load induced by each 3. Calculate load producing maximum


load component (For simplifying and stress in pipe shell (Conservative
conservative design, considered combination)
operating load as sustained load)
 If 𝑓𝐿 ≥ 3𝑓𝐶 or 𝑓𝐶 ≥ 2𝑓𝐿 Then
𝐹𝐴 longitudinal shell bending and
𝑓𝐴 =
2𝜋𝑟 circumferential shell bending shall be
considered separately
𝐹𝐿 ⋅ 𝐿  𝑓1 = 𝑓𝐿 + 1.5𝑓𝐴 (Longitudinal)
𝑓𝐿 =
𝜋𝑟 2  𝑓2 = 1.5 𝑓𝐶 + 𝑓𝐴 (Circumferential)

𝐹𝐶 ⋅ 𝐿
𝑓𝐶 =  Else 𝑓2 will only be considered, resultant
𝜋𝑟 2 load shall be used
 𝑓2 = 1.5 𝑓𝑅 + 𝑓𝐴

 𝑓𝑅 = 𝑓𝐿 2 + 𝑓𝐶 2
Practical Design Approaches:
Kellogg Pipe Trunnion Verification

4. Calculate shell bending stresses from 5. Calculate pressure stresses


formula in step 1
𝑃𝐷
 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = (Longitudinal)
 If 𝑓𝐿 ≥ 3𝑓𝐶 or 𝑓𝐶 ≥ 2𝑓𝐿 Then 4𝑡
𝑃𝐷
1.17𝑓1 𝑅0.5  𝑆𝑃𝐶 = (Circumferential)
2𝑡
 𝑆𝐵𝐿 = 1.5 (Longitudinal)
𝑡+𝑡𝑝

1.17𝑓2 𝑅0.5 6. Calculate combined stresses by


 𝑆𝐵𝐶 = 1.5 (Circumferential)
𝑡+𝑡𝑝 maximum value control

 Else 𝑓2 with resultant load will only be  𝑆𝐿 = 𝑆𝑃𝐿 + 𝑆𝐵𝐿


considered  𝑆𝐶 = 𝑆𝑃𝐶 + 𝑆𝐵𝐶

7. Check with local (primary) allowable


1.17𝑓2 𝑅0.5
 𝑆𝐵𝐶 = 1.5 (Circumferential) stresses, 1.5𝑆ℎ
𝑡+𝑡𝑝

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