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Java Tokens

Java programs are made up of tokens, comments, and whitespace. The smallest individual units are tokens, which include keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and separators. There are five main types of tokens that a Java compiler recognizes to build expressions and statements. Keywords are reserved words that implement specific language features and cannot be used as names, while identifiers name variables, classes, and other program elements and follow specific naming conventions. Literals represent constant values of various data types.

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Dr Narayana Swamy Ramaiah
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566 views

Java Tokens

Java programs are made up of tokens, comments, and whitespace. The smallest individual units are tokens, which include keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and separators. There are five main types of tokens that a Java compiler recognizes to build expressions and statements. Keywords are reserved words that implement specific language features and cannot be used as names, while identifiers name variables, classes, and other program elements and follow specific naming conventions. Literals represent constant values of various data types.

Uploaded by

Dr Narayana Swamy Ramaiah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Tokens

• Java program is collection of tokens, comments and white spaces.

• Smallest individual units in a program is known as tokens.


– Smallest units of java language are the characters used to write java tokens.
– These characters are defined by the Unicode character set
– Unicode is a 16-bit character coding system and currently supports more than
34,000 defined characters derived from 24 languages from America, Europe,
middle east, Africa, Asia and India,
– ASCII Character set is subset of Unicode which include letters, digits and
punctuation marks used in normal English.

• Compiler recognizes them for building up expressions and statements.

• Five types of tokens


– Reserved keywords
– Identifiers
– Literals
– Operators
– separators
• Elements of java class
• Keywords
– Essential and implement specific features of the
language.
– Java language has reserved 50 words as keywords
– These keywords combined with operators and
separators according to a syntax, form definition
of the java language.
– Keywords cannot be used as names for variables,
classes, methods and so on.
– All keywords to be written in lower case letters.
– One can use these words as identifiers by
changing one or more letters to uppercase (bad
practice)
• Identifiers
– are programmer designed tokens.
– They are used for naming class, methods, variables,
objects, labels, packages and interfaces in a program.
– Java identifiers follow the following rules
• They can have alphabets, digits, and the underscore and
dollar sign characters.
• They must not begin with a digit
• Uppercase and lowercase letters are distinct
• They can be of any length
– Identifiers must be meaningful, short enough to be
quickly and easily typed and long enough to be
descriptive and easily read.
• Java developers have followed some naming conventions.
– Names of all public methods and instance variable start with a leading
lower case letter.
• Examples : average, sum

– When more than one words are used in a name, the second and
subsequent words are marked with a leading uppercase letters.
• Examples: dayTemperature, firstDayOfMonth, totalMarks

– All private and local variables use only lowercase letters combined
with underscores
• Examples: length, batch_strength

– All classes and interfaces start with a leading uppercase letter and
each subsequent word with a leading upper case letter
• Examples: Student, HelloJava, Vehicle, MotorCycle

– Variables that represent constant values use all uppercase letters and
underscores between words.
• Examples: TOTAL, F_MAX, PRINCIPAL_AMOUNT
• Literals
– Literals in java are a sequence of characters (digits,
letters, and other characters) that represent
constant values to be stored in variables. Java
language specifies 5 major types of literals.
• Integer literals
• Floating _point literals
• Character literals
• String literals
• Boolean literals
– Each of them has a associated type that describes
how the values behave and how they are stored.
• Operators
– Is a symbol that takes one or more arguments and operates on them
to produce a result.
• Separators
– Separators are symbols used to indicate where groups of code are
divided and arranged.
– They basically define the shape and function of our code.

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