- Amoeba sp. responds to stimuli in its environment - it retreats from harmful stimuli like light and acids, and moves toward favorable stimuli like food.
- It reproduces asexually through binary fission when food is abundant - its nucleus divides and cytoplasm constricts to form two new amoeba.
- As a single-celled organism, it is able to perform all life functions within its cell, including feeding, respiration, excretion, movement, response to stimuli, and reproduction.
- Amoeba sp. responds to stimuli in its environment - it retreats from harmful stimuli like light and acids, and moves toward favorable stimuli like food.
- It reproduces asexually through binary fission when food is abundant - its nucleus divides and cytoplasm constricts to form two new amoeba.
- As a single-celled organism, it is able to perform all life functions within its cell, including feeding, respiration, excretion, movement, response to stimuli, and reproduction.
- Amoeba sp. responds to stimuli in its environment - it retreats from harmful stimuli like light and acids, and moves toward favorable stimuli like food.
- It reproduces asexually through binary fission when food is abundant - its nucleus divides and cytoplasm constricts to form two new amoeba.
- As a single-celled organism, it is able to perform all life functions within its cell, including feeding, respiration, excretion, movement, response to stimuli, and reproduction.
- Amoeba sp. responds to stimuli in its environment - it retreats from harmful stimuli like light and acids, and moves toward favorable stimuli like food.
- It reproduces asexually through binary fission when food is abundant - its nucleus divides and cytoplasm constricts to form two new amoeba.
- As a single-celled organism, it is able to perform all life functions within its cell, including feeding, respiration, excretion, movement, response to stimuli, and reproduction.
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Responses to stimuli
• Amoeba sp. reacts by retreating from adverse
stimuli such as bright light and acidic solution.
• In contrast, favourable stimuli such as contact
with food, cause it to move towards the stimuli.
Light
Food
acids Respiration of Amoeba sp.
CO2 O2
O2 CO2 • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs through the plasma membrane. Binary fission • Asexual reproduction. • When food abundant, binary fission. • When the amoeba reaches a maximum size, the nucleus divides into two and the cytoplasm constricts, forming two new amoeba. Phagocytosis Locomotion • Amoeba sp. moves by cytoplasmic projection, that is, by extending its pseudopodia or ‘false feet’ and anchoring the tips to the ground. pseudopodium Excretion of Amoeba sp. • The contractile vacuole is involved in osmoregulation.
• Water diffuses into the cell and
fills the contractile vacuole.
• When the vacuole is filled to its
maximum size, it contracts to expel its contents. Cell Organisation • Unicellular organisms are organisms which consist of single cell.
• Although simple, they are able to perform all
vital functions and living processes within a cell.
• They can feed, respire, excrete and move.
• They are sensitive to external and internal
conditions, and are able to reproduce and grow. Amoeba sp. Habitat • Live in freshwater lakes, are also abundant in damp soil Living processes • Feeding • Locomotion Amoeba sp. • Respiration • Excretion • Respond to General characteristics stimuli • Enclosed by a plasma membrane. • Reproduction • Changes its shape constantly as it meets obstacles and responds to stimuli. Feeding Locomotion
Respiration Living processes of amoeba sp. Excretion
Responses to Reproduction stimuli Cell Specialisation in multicellular organisms The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all Cell the functions of living things
A group of cells of the same type that
Tissue perform a specific function in organism
Organ Several types of tissue that carry out a
particular function
Several organs working together to
System perform a function
All the systems make up a
Organism multicellular organism. Cell organisation in the formation of tissues, organs and systems in animals Some of the humans cells and their functions
Cell Function Able to contract and relax and are Muscle cell involved in movement White blood Involves in defence of the body against cell diseases Red blood Transports oxygen cell Nerve cell Receives and sends out nerve impulses Sperm Fertilises the ovum There are 4 major types of tissues in animals:
tissue beneath it. • Form a lining layer for tubes or lines the cavities of the body. • Protect against infection, mechanical injuries and dehydration. • Undergo changes to form glands. Muscle Tissue • Most abundant tissue in the body
Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle
• Contraction and • Voluntary • Contract to
relaxation for movements pump blood to involuntary body all parts of the • Contract and activities body. relax to move (peristalsis the bone • Involuntary along digestive movements tract) Connective tissue
• Hold the body together.
• For example, bone,
cartilage, blood, tendons, ligament. Nerve Tissue • Transmits and coordinates messages around the body. systems organs tissues cells Systems Breaks down complex food into simple substances for easy absorption by body cells
Absorbs and transports
Discards toxic Produces off oxygen and discards waste products spring carbon dioxide Transports food Provides bodily substances, support and oxygen, protection to solf hormones and internal organs others to the entire body Produces hormones that control the bodily activities Defends the body against disease Helps in movement Skin surface to of the body. protects the tissue beneath it. Coordinates and controls all bodily activities related to impulses and reactions Cell organisation in plants Some of the plants cells and their functions
Cell Function Parenchyma For support and storage cell Xylem Transports water and mineral salts Sieve tube Transports organic product of element photosynthesis Companion Regulates the metabolic activity of sieve cell tube element For protection and covering of other cells Epidermal cell beneath Tissues of plants
Meristemic permanent tissue tissue • Small cell, thin walls, large nuklei, dense cytoplasm, no vacuole. • Young, actively dividing
Epidermal Ground Vascular
tissues tissues tissues • Form a layer to cover, • Provides support • Transports protect entire surface of and strengthens water, food and plant and reduces water the plants support loss Bears flowers, fruits, buds and leaves
