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    Hec HMS

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    The document describes the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) program. HEC-HMS is designed to simulate watershed hydrology, including surface water modeling from meteorology to watershed outlet. It provides options for generalized modeling, mathematical model choices, and analysis tools. The program has both strengths and limitations for modeling watershed hydrology.

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    Hec HMS

    Uploaded by

    bhagavatham
    211 views59 pages
    The document describes the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) program. HEC-HMS is designed to simulate watershed hydrology, including surface water modeling from meteorology to watershed outlet. It provides options for generalized modeling, mathematical model choices, and analysis tools. The program has both strengths and limitations for modeling watershed hydrology.

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    HEC HMS hydrologic model

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    HEC-HMS

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    The document describes the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) program. HEC-HMS is designed to simulate watershed hydrology, including surface water modeling from meteorology to watershed outlet. It provides options for generalized modeling, mathematical model choices, and analysis tools. The program has both strengths and limitations for modeling watershed hydrology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    211 views59 pages

    Hec HMS

    Uploaded by

    bhagavatham
    The document describes the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) program. HEC-HMS is designed to simulate watershed hydrology, including surface water modeling from meteorology to watershed outlet. It provides options for generalized modeling, mathematical model choices, and analysis tools. The program has both strengths and limitations for modeling watershed hydrology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 59
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    HEC-HMS is a hydrologic modeling software designed to simulate watershed hydrology and predict flow rates. It models processes from rainfall to runoff and routing in streams and channels.

    The main components of HEC-HMS are the basin model, meteorologic model, and control specifications. The basin model contains watershed elements, connectivity, and runoff parameters. The meteorologic model contains rainfall and evaporation data. Control specifications contain the simulation timing.

    The three main components used in HEC-HMS modeling are the basin model, meteorologic model, and control specifications. The basin model defines the physical properties of the watershed. The meteorologic model provides precipitation data. Control specifications define the simulation timing.

    HEC-HMS

    The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s


    Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS)
    Program Scope
     Designed to simulate watershed hydrology.
     Surface water modeling.
     From meteorology to watershed outlet.
     Tool kit of options.
     Generalized modeling.
     Mathematical model choices.
     Analysis tools.
     Graphical user interface
     Map of the watershed.
     Point-and-edit for entering and updating data.
     Graph and table displays of simulation results.
    Program Limitations
     Deterministic models.
     Uncoupled models.
     Evapotranspiration-infiltration.
     Infiltration-baseflow.
     No aquifer interactions.
     Constant parameter values.
     Dendritic stream systems.
     Flow splits possible but limited capability.
     No downstream flow influence or reversal.
     Backwater possible but only if contained within a reach.
    Summary of Topics - HEC-HMS
     Premier Hydrologic Model Today (HEC)
     Performs RF-RO Calculations for Watersheds
     Basic Input and Output Options
     Precipitation Options
     Unit Hydrograph Options
     Flood Routing Option
     Creating and Viewing Results and Graphs
    Uses of the HEC Program
    Models the rainfall-runoff process in a watershed
    based on watershed physiographic data

     Offers a variety of modeling options in order to


    compute UH for basin areas.
     Offers a variety of options for flood routing along
    streams.
     Capable of estimating parameters for calibration of
    each basin based on comparison of computed data to
    observed data
    HEC-HMS Background
    Purpose of HEC-HMS
     Improved User Interface, Graphics, and
    Reporting
     Improved Hydrologic Computations

     Integration of Related Hydrologic Capabilities

    Importance of HEC-HMS
     Foundation for Future Hydrologic Software
     Replacement for HEC-1
    HEC-HMS Availability
    Available Through HEC Vendors
    Available at HEC Web Site:
    http://www.wrc-hec.usace.army.mil
    “Public Domain” Program
    No Copyright on Software
    No Copyright on HEC Documentation
    Special Training Available
    Program Organization
    Main project screen
     Connects to all data and information through menus
    Using HEC-HMS

    Three components
     Basin model - contains the elements of the
    basin, their connectivity, and runoff
    parameters
     Meteorologic Model - contains the rainfall and

    evapotranspiration data
     Control Specifications - contains the start/stop

    timing and calculation intervals for the run


    Project Definition
     May contain several basin models, meteorologic
    models, and control specifications
     User can select a variety of combinations of the three
    models in order to see the effects of changing
    parameters on one subbasin
    Program Layout

    Watershed
    Explorer

    Desktop

    Component
    Editor Message Log
    Main Components
     Basin model gives the physical description of the watershed.
     Subbasin: watershed catchments where rain falls.
     Reach: rivers and streams.
     Reservoir: dams and lakes.
     Junction: confluence.
     Diversion: bifurcations and withdrawls.
     Source: springs and other model sinks.
     Sink: outlets and terminal lakes.
     Meteorologic model describes atmospheric conditions over the
    watershed land surface.
     Precipitation.
     Potential evapotranspiration.
     Snowmelt.
     Control specifications: Time control during a simulation run.
    Basin Model
    Basin Model
     Based on Graphical User
    Interface (GUI)
     Click on elements from left and
    drag into basin area
     Can import map files from GIS
    programs to use as background
     Actual locations of elements do
    not matter, just connectivity and
    runoff parameters
    Basin Model Elements

     subbasins- contains data for subbasins (losses,


    UH transform, and baseflow)

     reaches- connects elements together and


    contains flood routing data

     junctions- connection point between elements

     reservoirs- stores runoff and releases runoff at a


    specified rate (storage-discharge relation)
    Basin Model Elements

     sinks- has an inflow but no outflow

     sources- has an outflow but no inflow

     diversions- diverts a specified amount of runoff


    to an element based on a rating curve - used for
    detention storage elements or overflows
    Basin Model Parameters
    Loss rate, UH transform, and baseflow methods
    Abstractions (Losses)
    Interception Storage
    Depression Storage
    Surface Storage
    Evaporation
    Infiltration
    Interflow
    Groundwater and Base Flow
    Loss Rate methods

    Green & Ampt


    Initial & constant
    SCS curve no.
    Gridded SCS curve no.
    Deficit/Constant
    No loss rate
    Initial and Uniform Loss Computation

    Initial Loss Applied at Beginning of Storm


     Estimated from Previous or SCS data
     Sand: 0.80-1.50 inches; Clay: 0.40-1.00 inches

    Uniform Loss Applied Throughout Storm


     Also Estimated From Previous Studies or SCS
    Data
     Sand: 0.10-0.0 in/hr; Clay 0.05-0.15 in/hr
    HEC-HMS Loss Entry Window
    Rainfall/Runoff Transformation
     Unit Hydrograph
     Distributed Runoff
     Grid-Based Transformation
     Methods:
     Clark
     Snyder
     SCS
     Input Ordinates
     ModClark
     Kinematic Wave
    Unit Hydrograph
    Definition:
     Sub-Basin Surface Outflow Due to Unit (1-in)
    Rainfall Excess Applied Uniformly Over a Sub-
    Basin in a Specified Time Duration
    Duration of UH:
     HEC-HMS Sets Duration Equal to Computation
    Interval
    Synthetic Unit Hydrographs
    Computed from Basin Characteristics
    HEC- HMS Synthetic Unit Hydrographs
     SCS Dimensionless Unit graph
     Clark Unit Hydrograph (TC & R)
     Snyder Unit Hydrograph
     User-Defined Input Unit Hydrograph
     ModClark Unit Hydrograph
    Clark Unit Hydrograph
    Computation
    Estimating Time of Concentration
    for Clark Unit Hydrograph
    Hydraulic Analysis Method
     Compute Travel Time in Open Channels and Storm
    Sewers based on Flow Velocities
     Compute Reservoir Travel Time from Wave Velocity

    Overland Flow Equations


     Kerby Method
     Kirpich Method
     Overton & Meadows
     SCS TR-55 Method for Shallow Concentrated Flow
    Baseflow Options

     recession
     constant

    monthly
     linear reservoir

     no baseflow
    Stream Flow Routing

     Simulates Movement of Flood Wave


    Through Stream Reach
     Accounts for Storage and Flow Resistance

     Allows modeling of a watershed with sub-

    basins
    Reach Routing

    Flood routing
    methods:
    Simple Lag
    Modified Puls
    Muskingum
    Muskingum Cunge
    Kinematic Wave
    HEC-HMS Methods for
    Stream Flow Routing
     Hydraulic Methods - Uses partial form of St
    Venant Equations
     Kinematic Wave Method
     Muskingum-Cunge Method

     Hydrologic Methods
     Muskingum Method
     Storage Method (Modified Puls)

     Lag Method
    Effects of Stream Flow Routing
    Avg Inflow - Avg Outflow = dS/dt

    Storage S
    Inflow

    Outflow

    Dt
    Modified Puls (Storage)
    Stream Flow Routing Method

    Storage-Indication Relationship:

    I - Q = (dS/dt)

    Averaging at two points in time: 1 and 2

    I1 + I2 + (2S1/Dt - Q1)= (2S2/Dt + Q2)


    HEC-HMS Stream Flow Routing
    Data Window
    Storage-Discharge Relationships
    Stream Flow Diversions
    Diversion Identification
    Maximum Volume of Diversion (Optional)
    Maximum Rate of Diversion (Optional)
    Diversion Rating Table
     Stream Flow Rates Upstream of Diversion
     Corresponding Diversion Rates
    Stream Flow Diversions
    Flow is allowed to move from one channel to
    another via a side weir or flow across a low
    divide Weir
    Diverted Q

    Flow increases until a fixed level and then a


    flow diversion table determines rate through
    the weir or across the divide
    Reservoir Routing

    Developed Outside HEC-HMS

    Storage Specification Alternatives:


    Storage versus Discharge
    Storage versus Elevation
    Surface Area versus Elevation

    Discharge Specification Alternatives:


    Spillways, Low-Level Outlets, Pumps
    Dam Safety: Embankment Overflow, Dam Breach
    Reservoirs I - Q = dS
    dt

    Level Pool Reservoir


    Pond storage with I Q (weir flow)

    outflow pipe S
    H
    Q (orifice flow)

    S = f(Q) Q = f(H)

    I
    Orifice flow:

    Orifice flow Q=C* 2gH

    Weir flows Weir Flow:


    Q = CLH3/2

    Inflow and Outflow Inflow


    Q (cfs)

    I=Q
    Outflow

    time
    Reservoir Data Input
    Initial Conditions to Be Considered
     Inflow = Outflow
     Initial Storage Values
     Initial Outflow
     Initial Elevation
    Elevation Data Relates to Both Storage/Area
    and Discharge
    HEC-1 Routing Routines with Initial Conditions
    and Elevation Data can be Imported as
    Reservoir Elements
    Reservoir Data Input Window
    Meteorologic Model
    Meteorologic Model Evapotranspiration-ET
    Precipitation monthly average,
    user hyetograph no evapotranspiration
    user gage weighting
    inverse-distance gage
    weighting
    gridded precipitation
    frequency storm
    standard project storm -
    Eastern U.S.
    Precipitation
    Historical Rainfall Data
    Recording Gages
    Non-Recording Rainfall Gages

    Design Storms
    Hypothetical Frequency Storms
    Corps Standard Project Storm
    Probable Maximum Precipitation
    Gage Data
    Gage Data (from project definition screen)

    Precipitation gages-
    precipitation data for
    use with meteorologic
    models

    Stream gages- observed


    level data to compare
    computed and actual
    results
    Precipitation:
    Gridded Weather Radar Data
    Data from National Weather Service
    NexRAD program, Doppler Radar
    Data must be manipulated and stored in DSS file
    format
    Grids are HRAP (NWS) or SHG (HEC)
    HRAP uses spherical projections and generalized earth
    radius values
    SHG uses Albers Equal Area projections
    Grids cover about 1 square kilometer
    Historical raw data may not be archived
    Sources of Rainfall
    Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF)
    East of 105th Meridian (Denver)
     NWS HYDRO-5 (5 minutes to 60 minutes)
     NWS TP-40 (2 hours to 24 hours) - 1961

     NWS TP-49 (2 days to 10 days)

    West of 105th Meridian


     NOAA Atlas 2 (Separate Volumes for Each
    State)
    Input and Output Files
    project-name.HMS: List of models, descriptions and
    project default method options
    basin-model-name.BASIN: Basin model data,
    including connectivity information
    precipitation-model-name.PRECIP: Precipitation
    model data
    control-specifications- name.CONTROL: Control
    specifications
    run-name.LOG: Messages generated during execution
    of run
    project-name.RUN: List of runs, including most
    recent execution time
    Input and Output Files
    project-name.DSS: DSS file containing basin model
    data such as computed hydrographs and storage
    discharge relationships
    project-name.DSC: List of files contained in DSS file
    project-name.OUT: Log of operations for the DSS file
    project-name.MAP: Coordinate point file for subbasin
    boundaries and channel location
    project-name.GAGE: Listing of gages available for use
    in the project
    HMStemp.TMP: Echo listing of imported HEC-1 model
    Data Storage System (DSS)
    Multiple time series or relational data sets
    Each data set or record has a unique pathname/Castro
    Valley/Fire Dept/PRECIP-INC/16Jan197/10min/Obs/
    Pathnames Consist of Parts A through F
     Part A: General name, project name

     Part B: Specific name, or control point

     Part C: Data type (PRECIP-INC, PRECIP-CUM,

    FLOW, STORAGE, etc.)


     Part D: Start Date

     Part E: Time interval

     Part F: User specified


    The HEC-HMS “Options”
    Precipitation Option (6 available)
    Loss Computation (5 available)
    Runoff Transform Computation (6 available)
    Routing Computation (7 available)
    Over 6 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 1,260 Combinations

    Subbasin
    routing reach
    Control Specifications
    Control Specifications - Start/Stop/Time Interval
    Running a project
    User selects the
    1. Basin model
    2. Meteorologic model
    3. Control ID for the
    HMS run
    Viewing Results
     To view the results: right-click on any basin element,
    results will be for that point

     Display of results:
     hydrograph- graphs outflow vs. time
     summary table- gives the peak flow and time of peak
     time-series table- tabular form of outflow vs. time

     Comparing computed and actual results: plot


    observed data on the same hydrograph to by selecting a
    discharge gage for an element
    Viewing Results

    hydrograph
    HEC-HMS Output
    1. Tables
    Summary
    Detailed (Time Series)
    2. Hyetograph Plots
    3. Sub-Basin Hydrograph Plots
    4. Routed Hydrograph Plots
    5. Combined Hydrograph Plots
    6. Recorded Hydrographs - comparison
    Viewing Results

    Summary table

    Time series table


    HEC-HMS Output
    Sub-Basin Plots
    Runoff Hydrograph
    Hyetograph
    Abstractions
    Base Flow
    HEC-HMS Output

    Junction Plots
    Tributary Hydrographs
    Combined Hydrograph
    Recorded Hydrograph
    Purpose of Calibration
    Can Compute Sub-Basin Parameters
    Loss Function Parameters
    Unit Hydrograph Parameters
    Can Compute Stream Flow Routing
    Parameters
    Requires Gage Records
    GIS Preprocessor
     HEC-GeoHMS can be used to create basin models using
    terrain data.
     Start with a digital elevation model.
     Select a watershed outlet and then GeoHMS
    automatically delineates the watershed border and
    preliminary subbasins outlines.
     Adjust subbasin outlets.
     GeoHMS creates a basin model that can be imported into
    HEC-HMS and also creates database table of parameters
    that can be estimated from terrain and other
    supplemental data layers.
    Information on HEC-HMS

    www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/software_d
    istrib/hec-hms/hechmsprogram.html
    (the user’s manual can be downloaded from this
    site)
    www.dodson-hydro.com/download.htm#
    Electronic_Documents

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