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Meaning of Project

Project management involves planning, organizing, and managing resources to complete project goals and objectives on time and within budget. It balances project scope, quality, and costs. Projects have defined stages including initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closing. Projects are unique endeavors with a defined start and end, aimed at achieving specific objectives. Effective project planning establishes clear objectives, timelines, and activities to accomplish goals.

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99 views14 pages

Meaning of Project

Project management involves planning, organizing, and managing resources to complete project goals and objectives on time and within budget. It balances project scope, quality, and costs. Projects have defined stages including initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closing. Projects are unique endeavors with a defined start and end, aimed at achieving specific objectives. Effective project planning establishes clear objectives, timelines, and activities to accomplish goals.

Uploaded by

Suvash Regmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General concept of project management

Project management is the discipline of planning,


organizing, and managing resources to bring about
the successful completion of specific project goals
and objectives.
Elements of Project Management
Guiding project strategy
Creating congenial environment
Effective operation (program, resources, personnel
and operation)
Developing critical appreciation (M & E system)
Project Management Triangle

Scope

Quality

Cost Schedule
• One side of the triangle cannot be changed
without affecting the others.
• These three constraints are often competing
constraints: increased scope typically means
increased time and increased cost, a tight time
constraint could mean increased costs and
reduced scope, and a tight budget could mean
increased time and reduced scope.
• The scope constraint refers to what must be
done to produce the project's end result
• Project development stages
• Traditionally, project development includes a
number of elements: four to five stages, and a
control system. Major stages generally include:
• Initiation
• Planning or development
• Production or execution
• Monitoring and controlling
• Closing
Meaning of Project:

• The word project comes from the Latin word


projectum from the Latin verb proicere, "to
throw something forwards". The word
"project" thus actually originally meant
"something that comes before anything else
happens".
• It was in the 1950s that organizations started
to systematically apply project management
tools and techniques to complex projects.
• Definition: Projects are the time-bound specific
bottom level action units or schemes designated
for the investment of given set of resources and
skills with an aim of attaining some
predetermined objective/s. It can differ in size,
nature, objective and complexity, which
ultimately expect to yield identifiable output.
• Little and Mirrlees define a project as a scheme
or a part of a scheme, for investing resources that
can be analyzed and evaluated as an independent
unit. For example irrigation project cannot be
separated by dam and distribution canal.
However, spares parts of motorcar can be
separated as separate project, because, a
transmission system is essential to functioning of
a motorcar. The part can be used for other car
manufacturers as well as for oneself.
• Projects are the smallest analytical or
operational part or element of a plan or
program, which help to make the plan to
noticeable reality. This is the reason that the
projects are said as cutting edge of
development.
• projects are the building blocks of a program and
programs are the integrated blocks of a
development plan.
Project planning:
• Planning is the process of coordination of time,
resources, factors and programme. A plan is a
framework that details the methods and tasks
that are to be implemented in order to achieve a
desired goal.
• Project formulation is directed to carry out the
project analytical work i.e. technical feasibility,
economic advantages combined with its viability,
financial profit, institutional and managerial
requirements, environmental consideration etc.
• World Bank study suggests that “development
planning focuses mainly on project
implementation, and that much less attention is
paid to issues of operation, maintenance and
sustainability”.
• sustainability may include a range of issues such
as:
1. The continued operation and maintenance of
project facilities,
2. The continued accrual of net incremental
income and productivity,
3. Community participation
4. Equitable sharing of project benefits and income
5. Maintenance of environmental balance.
Characteristics of Project Planning
• Clear objectives, which is known and can be
specified.
• Determination of anticipated date of
completion.
• Predetermine schedule of actions and
activities to accomplish the objective
• A desired or required sequence for performing
the activities.
Features of project
• Uniqueness
• Definite time period
• Dynamic
• Life cycle
• Coordinative effort
• Customer oriented
• Goal oriented
• Non repetitive
• Team effort
• Elements of projects
• Objective: each and every project must have its
objective or a set of objectives.
• Investment: every project requires certain investment
of resources (money, manpower, time, material
technology, etc,)
• Space: every project needs space be it physical, aerial
(structure), aesthetic (beauty), political, cultural etc.
• System: all projects need to undergo a system of
inputs-process- outputs.
• Cycle: every project will have its own cycle
characterized by different phases. Project cycle is
identification, preparation, analysis, selection
(approval), implementation, and monitoring and
evaluation.
Classification of Project
• Basis Type and Nature
• Sector: non industrial or industrial
• Ownership: private or public
• Output: goods producing or service producing
• Goal: profit or non-profit oriented
• Scale: small, medium, large (depends on
definition)
A Model of Project Planning by Log Frame Technique

Design summary Objective Means of Risk and


Verifications Verification Assumption
Indicator
Goal (vision) Impact indicators Where /how to find For long term
the information sustainability

Objective Outcome indicators e.g. reduction of For contribution to


poverty published the goal
by CBS
Output (results) Output indicators: MOPA: completion …achievement of
resulting from of number of project’s purpose
completion of project
activities
Activities Resource inputs/ Office reports For achievement of

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