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Unit 2 Lecture 6 - Energy Considerations

The document discusses energy considerations in fluid flow systems. It provides equations for: 1) The energy equation which states that the net heat transfer minus work done equals the change in internal, kinetic and potential energy in a control volume. 2) Breaking down the components of energy as kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy. 3) Applying the energy equation to analyze fluid flow systems, accounting for changes in pressure, velocity, elevation and heat/work terms. 4) Calculating pressure losses in pipe fittings and components using a loss coefficient.

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Esther
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90 views9 pages

Unit 2 Lecture 6 - Energy Considerations

The document discusses energy considerations in fluid flow systems. It provides equations for: 1) The energy equation which states that the net heat transfer minus work done equals the change in internal, kinetic and potential energy in a control volume. 2) Breaking down the components of energy as kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy. 3) Applying the energy equation to analyze fluid flow systems, accounting for changes in pressure, velocity, elevation and heat/work terms. 4) Calculating pressure losses in pipe fittings and components using a loss coefficient.

Uploaded by

Esther
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy Considerations

Mr G Pahla
Reynolds Transport Theorem

Sum of flow in and flow 
No deformation  out
of CV (steady 
state)
B represents mass, momentum or energy
b represents the parameter B per unit mass

If B is mass then b=1;


Note: B = mb
ENERGY EQUATION

Components of E:
=0;Steady flow
KE, PE and Internal energy (U)
dE d

dt dt cv
e d   e V . d A
cs
dE   Q H   W
e  ei  ek  e p
Q H W mV 2 V 2
   ( ei  e k  e p )  V . d A ek  
dt dt cs 2m 2

Q H W d V2 mgz
   (u   gz )  V . d A ep   gz
dt dt dt cs 2 m
ei  u
W W s
  pV . d A 
dt cs dt
ENERGY EQUATION

  V2
QH  Ws   p V . d A   (u   gz )  V . d A
cs cs 2
  V2 p
Q H  W s   (u   gz  )  V . d A
cs 2 

   p2   V22  p1   V12
Q H  W s   u 2  gz 2   m    2V2 dA2   u1  gz1   m   1V1dA1
 2  A 2  1  A 2

V2 V m2 
A 2  V dA   2 m
Laminar flow: α≈2
 
    V 3 dA  / V m3 A Turbulent flow: α≈1
A 
ENERGY EQUATION

   p2 Vm22    p1 Vm21  
Q H  W s   u 2  gz 2  2  m   u1  gz1    1  m
 2 2   1 2 
  
W s  W p W t

Dividing the above terms by m g

  

p1 V 2
Wp p2 V W t  u 2  u1 Q H 
2
 1 m1
 z1    2  z2    
m2
  
g 2g m g g 2g mg  g m g 

p1 V12 p 2 V 22
  z1  h p    z 2  ht  h L
g 2 g g 2 g
PRESSURE LOSSES IN PIPE FITTINGS

To compute hL (total head losses) we need to calculate major


and minor losses

Major losses: loss in straight pipes

Minor losses: loss in pipe fittings and system components

The loss coefficient K L defined as:


PIPES IN SERIES AND IN PARALLEL
LOOP

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