SAP FI

Accounts Receivable
Table of Contents

 AR Overview
 Sub Processes
Master Data
Credit Management
Invoice Processing
Cash Receipting / Payments
Account Analysis / Reconciliation
Periodic Processing
Reporting
Accounts Receivable Process Overview

Financial
Accounting

Accounts
Receivable

Master Invoice Cash Account Periodic Reporting

Data / Processing Receipting / Analysis & Processing
Credit Payments Reconciliation
Management
Master Data
 Maintenance
• Creation 3 Levels
• General Data (name, address)
• Company Data (reconciliation acct, payment term)
• Sales Data (SO currency, incoterms)
• Change
• Block
• Delete
 Account Groups
 Intercompany
 One-time customers
Master Data – Activity Flow
Request to
Create
Customer
Account

Change
Customer
Account Mantained
Mantain Customer
Customer
Account
Account
Block Customer
Account

Mark Customer
Account for
Deletetion
Master Data: Structure
 General data
Client
• Address
230
• Control data
• Marketing Customer
• Export data Master
• Contact persons

Company
Code
 Company Code data
• Account Management
9100
A Ltd • Payment Transactions
• Correspondence
• Insurance

Sales Organization  Sales Area data

9100 • Sales
• Shipping
• Billing document
• Partner functions
Components of a Customer Master

Customer Master Data contains:

 General data
• Does not depend on the company code or the sales and
distribution organisation
• Applies to one business partner for all company codes, and
in all sales areas, and includes:
• Company name
• Address
• Telephone number
• Data that is unique to a customer, and shared by all
departments
Components of a Customer Master 2
 Company Code data
• Company code data only applies to one company code
(Legal business). This data is only relevant to Financial
Accounting.
• If you edit a master record, you must specify the
customer number and company code to access the
screens containing company code data.
• You can only invoice a Payer (partner function) if you
have entered data in the Financial Accounting view.
Components of a Customer Master 3
 Sales and Distribution data
• The data for one customer can differ for each sales area.
The sales area is a combination of Sales Organization,
Distribution Channel and Division. Some data is only
relevant to Sales and Distribution, and includes:
• Pricing data
• Delivery priority
• Shipping conditions
• If you edit a customer master record, you must enter the
customer number and the sales area in order to access
screens containing sales and distribution data.
• You can only process sales and distribution transactions, eg:
a sales order, after entering the sales and distribution data
for a customer.
Master Data: Partner Functions

Sold-to party*
Ship-to party*

Sales Territory Partner functions Payer*

Sales Agent Bill-to party*

Contact persons

* mandatory functions
Master Data: Account Groups
Sold-to Groups
Customer Implemented

0001 Sold to

0002 Ship to

0003 Payer

0004 Bill to
One-Time
Customer
CPD One-time

Ship-to Customer ZAF1 Plant / Affiliate

ZSWP Swap Partner

Number Ranges for Account Groups
 Internal Assignment: SAP assigns a unique number each time a
master record is created
 External assignment:User creating the master record can enter their
own unique number

Account Partner Number Number

Group Function Range Assignment
0001 Sold-to 0010000000 – 001999999 Internal
0002 Ship-to 0010000000 – 001999999 Internal
0003 Bill-to 0010000000 – 001999999 Internal
0004 Payer 0010000000 – 001999999 Internal
0005 One-time 0020000000 – 002999999 Internal
Master Data: Intercompany
Master Data: One-time Customer

 We use One-time
Customer’s Master
Record to avoid large
number of unnecessary
master data
 Every time we enter a
business transaction, the
systems stores the
specific Master Data
information separately in
the document
Managing Customer Master Data

 Blocking / Unblocking
• For processing at various levels:
• Sales order processing
• Delivery processing
• Billing processing
• Credit control reasons
• Requires validation Block Customer
Master record

New customer Credit Control

Block / Unblock
Managing Customer Master Data (2)

 Flag for deletion

• For processing at various levels:
• Sales order processing
• Delivery processing
• Duplication of data
• Redundancy of use
Delete Customer
Master record

Duplication of Redundant
customer master records

Flag for deletion

Deleting a Customer Master Record

Delete all areas

or data for a specific CC

Prevents SAP from deleting

the general data or company
code and general data
 Deleting a Customer Master Record

Customer SAP
master
record
Database
Block Flag Placed
No longer used / In a file Transferred to
created in duplication Extracted from archive system
database

 Pre-requisites for archiving a record:

• The account cannot contain any transaction figures
• Transaction figures from prior years that have not been archived will
prevent the system from deleting the account master record
• The account must be marked for deletion in its master record
Credit Management - Overview

 Credit Management can minimize the credit risk by

defining specific credit limits for your customers
 This is particularly useful if your customers are in
financially unstable industries or companies, or if you
conduct business with countries that are politically
unstable
 You can specify your own automatic credit checks based
on a variety of criteria
 You can also specify at which critical points in the sales
and distribution cycle (for example, order entry, delivery,
goods issue) the system carries out these checks
Credit Management

 Credit Control Area

• A hierarchical unit for managing customer credit limits
• A credit control area can include one or more company codes
• If a customer is created in several company codes that are assigned
to different credit control areas, a separate credit limit is managed for
the customer in each of the different credit control areas

9400 – Latin 9100 - Asia 9200 - 9300 – Middle

America Pacific America East
Global Credit Control

CHQ
Overall Credit Limit: $1,000,000
Individual limit: $450,000

Credit Control Areas

9400 – Latin America 9100 – Asia Pacific 9200 – America 9300 – Middle East

Limit: $250,000 Limit: $150,000 Limit: $150,000 Limit: $450,000

Company Codes

9400 9401 9402 9100 9200 9300 9301

Credit Management: Data Views
 Central Data
• Contains information for the current credit limit assigned and
maximum permitted credit limits
• Total amount
• Individual amount
 Status
• Credit limit data - Contains information relating to credit limits and
percentage used:
• Receivables
• Special liabilities
• Sales value
• Internal data - Contains information relating to the customer risk
category and blocking a customer for all transactions excluding
billing
Credit Management - Exposure

 Credit Exposure
• The customer's credit exposure may not exceed their credit limit
• The credit exposure is the total combined value of the following documents:
• Open orders
• Open deliveries
• Open billing documents
• Open items (accounts receivable)
 Executing automatic credit check in sales order processing
• Non-critical fields
Not re-executed for changes made to these fields e.g. Texts
• Critical fields:
• Re-executed for changes made to critical fields e.g. Payment terms,
Price, quantity
Credit and Risk Management - Reports
Program Function
RFDKLI10 Customers with missing credit data
This report checks the data for the credit limit for completeness, and produces the corresponding error lists . These can be used to re-
maintain the corresponding definitions manually, or per Batch Input .
RFDKLI20 Reorganization of credit limit for customers
This report enables you to reorganize the credit limit information in the control areas .
RFDKLI30 Short overview credit limit
The report lists the central and control area-related data per customer.
RFDKLI40 Overview credit limit
The report provides you with an extensive overview of the customer’s credit situation.
RFDKLI41 Credit master sheet
The credit master sheet enables you to display and print out the customer master data for a single account, which is needed for the
area of credit management.
RFDKLI42 Early warning list
The early warning list enables you to display and print out customers in credit management, who are viewed as critical customers in the
area of credit checks in SD.
RFDKLI43 Master data list
The master data list enables you to display and print out customers ’ credit cards. In particular, you can display information not
contained in the standard system, for example, user-defined fields or external data, which you have created with specific add
RFDKLI50 Mass change credit limit data
This report allows quick mass change for master data in credit management .
RFDKLIAB Change display, credit management
With this report, you can display changes for credit management master data for all accounts .
RVKRED06 Checking blocked credit documents
The report checks all blocked documents from credit view. The report is started in the background, and should run after the incoming
payments programs.
RVKRED77 Reorganization credit data SD
The report enables you to reorganize open credit, delivery and billing document values . It is used, for example, when updating errors
occur.
RVKRED08 Checking sales documents which reach the credit horizon
The report checks all sales documents, which reach the dynamic credit check horizon, as new. The report runs periodically, and should
run at the start of a period. The period for the ‘date of the next credit check’ is proposed from the current date, with
RVKRED09 Checking the credit documents from credit view
Released documents are only checked if the validity period for the release has run out (number days).
RVKRED88 Simulation reorganization credit data SD
Accounts Receivable Process Overview

Financial
Accounting

Accounts
Receivable

Master Invoice Cash Account Periodic Reporting

Data / Processing Receipting / Analysis & Processing
Credit Payments Reconciliation
Management
 Invoice Processing
SAP R/3 supports the following transactions:
 Sundry
• Invoice
• Credit/Debit Notes
• Down Payment
• Bill of Exchange Receivable
 Parked Documents
 Foreign Currency
 SD Billing
 Inter-company postings
Posting a document

 After entering the document it is

possible:
Document
• To post it immediately
Simulation
• To “park” the document
• To hold the document
Payment Terms

 Terms of payment are arrangements made with a Customer governing

financial settlement with respect to goods supplied and services
performed, e.g. cash on delivery, payment within 30 days.
 Within payment terms, cash discounts and periods allowed for payment
are defined.
Document Creation with Reference

Document Sample Document

13 000 00031 or 92 000 00044
______ ______
______ ______
______ ______
______ ______
Reference _______________
Doc. Number ?
Control Sequence____________
• Generate Reverse Posting
• Enter G/L Account Items
• Do Not Propose Amounts
• Display Line Items

Document
13 000 00032
______
______
______
______
Special GL Transactions: Definition

Special GL
Indicator

Accounts defined
Customers’ for Special GL
reconciliation Transactions
accounts
 Special GL Transactions allow the user to post the document to an alternative GL
account instead of “normal” Customer’s reconciliation account,
 They are defined in Customizing for Customers and Customers reconciliation accounts.
Posting a Down Payment

Customer’s GL Down
Account Bank
Payments
Account
10 1 10 1
10

 The Customer pays A Ltd a down-payment: $10.000,-

 The down payment is booked on Customer’s account with Special GL
indicator
 The amount of $10.000,- is shown on Customer’s account, but on different
GL Account, instead of Customer’s reconciliation account
Display of Special GL Transactions

 To display the transaction posted with Special GL Indicator, mark

the relevant field on the “Line items display” screen.
 “Dynamic selections” may be used to search for different GL
indicators.
Effect of Creating a Billing Document

Sales Order Inventory

Processing Sourcing

Customer Delivery &

Payment Billing Shipping
processing

 Updating the document flow

 Creating documents in Financial Accounting
 Updating the billing status
 Updating the Sales Information System
 Updating the credit account
 Forwarding data to Profitability Analysis
 Printed document / EDI to customer
Billing Document
Credit and Debit Memo Requests

Billing Credit memo Credit note

doc. request

Billing
block  Create credit memo
after billing block has
been removed
OK

Billing Debit memo Debit

doc. request note

 No billing block
 Create debit memo
Inter-company Processing
Inter-coy Billing
Invoice (IV)
AR header reference SD Document
= 2000002244 A Ltd.

AP header reference
HDR Ref:
2000002244 AP

AR
Inter-coy Billing
Invoice (IV)
SD Document
1000001144 A1 Ltd
F110
FI Document
HDR Ref: 3000015244
1000001144 AP
HDR Ref:
2000002244
AR

A2 Ltd. F110
FI Document
2000006344
AR header reference
HDR Ref: =
1000001144 AP header reference
Parked Documents
Enter an
incomplete Complete and post later
document

Park No postings take place

document

Line items
Display/change/evaluate
parked documents

Documents
Post parked documents

Postings take place

MM Customer G/L account

Parked doc. vs. Held doc.

 Parked document:
• Assigned number (according to document
type)
• Document is available for editing for many
users (depending on the authorizations in
the system)

 Held document:
• Internal document number (defined by the
user)
• Document is available for editing only for
the user who created it.
Processing of Parked Documents

Choose company
code

 The parked document may be:

• Posted,
• Edited,
• Saved as completed,
• Deleted.
Posting in Foreign Currency
Local currency - Functional currency of the company code
Document currency - Currency of the document
Group currency - Alternative currency for group reporting

 For every Company Code there’s defined a company code currency, ie,
every company code has a “local” currency.
 Every document, posted in different currency than company code
currency, is processed as a foreign currency document.
 Accounting documents can be posted in a foreign currency
 The foreign currency is converted to local currency and both are stored
in the document along with the exchange rate
Posting in Foreign Currency
1.

2.

3.

1. Exchange rate can be entered manually,

2. Or derived from “Exchange Rates Table”
3. System automatically translates the foreign currency
into CC currency.
Accounts Receivable Process Overview

Financial
Accounting

Accounts
Receivable

Master Invoice Cash Account Periodic Reporting

Data / Processing Receipting / Analysis & Processing
Credit Payments Reconciliation
Management
Cash Receipting / Payments

Business Transactions included in Process:

 Customer Payments
• Manual Checks
• Clear Customer Accounts
• Post processing transactions
 Inter-company Payments
• Idoc’s
Manual Check Deposit - Activity Flow

Cheques with Group

supporting cheques
documents Enter
by lots cheques list. Print
(by customer) cheques Post
Reference list
invoices paid.

Check whether
postings are correct ?
Check Deposit - Account Assignment

Check Deposit List

Customer Account
Postings

O.b.) 200,- 200,- (1

Incoming checks Account

1) 200,-
200,- (2 Bank Account

2) 200,-
Check Deposit - Initial Specification

House Bank ID

Customer
Matchode

Postprocessing
method:
2 - batch input
4 - direct posting
(on-line)
Check Deposit - Posting

Posting

Processing Batch Direct Processing

type 2 Input Posting type 4

Process Process

Log Log
Accounts Receivable Process Overview

Financial  Process decompositions are the starting

Accounting
point for our process documentation.
 They summarise what is involved in a
the AR process at a high level
Accounts
Receivable

Master Invoice Cash Account Periodic Reporting

Data / Processing Receipting / Analysis & Processing
Credit Payments Reconciliation
Management
Account Analysis / Reconciliation
Business Transactions included in Process:
Display Customer’s account balance and line items
Clear outstanding items on Customer’s
Post Customer’s documents with clearing
Perform automatically clearing procedures
Reverse documents
Display Account Balance

 Account balance displays totals of transactions, per month as well as

cumulative values
 The report may be printed or saved as a local file
Display Account Line items

 “Line items” report displays particular transactions,

 It it possible to change the documents directly from this screen,
 The report may be printed or saved as a local file
Open Item Clearing

 Open items are incomplete transactions,

such as an invoice for which goods or
services have not yet been received.
 In order for an open item transaction to be
considered complete, the transaction must
be cleared. A transaction is considered
cleared when an offset value is posted to
it, so that the resulting balance of the
items is zero.
Clearing: Customer and Vendor

1 Customer invoice 46,000

2 Customer invoice 20,000
3 Customer payment 26,000

Customer ABC Inc. Customer ABC Inc.

1 46,000 46,000 3 3 20,000 20,000 2

Bank
3 26,000
Reversal of Clearing

Display cleared items

Reversal of clearing

 Reversal of documents that were cleared before is not possible,

 First the clearing operation must be reset.
Reverse a Customer document

Document entered incorrectly

Document corrected by Reversal:

 Reverse with a standard
reversal posting
 Reverse with a negative posting

Document re-entered correctly

Mass Reversal of Documents

Mass Reversal
Procedure

 Many documents may be reversed at the same time,

 Process may be scheduled to be performed in the background.
Accounts Receivable Process Overview

Financial
Accounting

Accounts
Receivable

Master Invoice Cash Account Periodic Reporting

Data / Processing Receipting / Analysis & Processing
Credit Payments Reconciliation
Management
Period End Processing
Business Transactions included in Process:
Dunning
Dunning - Process Overview

Customer Open Update

Items

Dunning
Program

Print Dunning
Notices

Customer Master
Record
Update
Dunning Proposal

Schedule Dunning
Run

Check / Edit Dunning

Proposal

 The dunning run creates a dunning proposal which can be edited,

deleted, and recreated as often as necessary.
 If desired, the dunning run can directly and automatically be followed by
the printing of dunning notices. The editing of the dunning proposal
would therefore be skipped.
 As a general rule, receivables are due at the net due date.
Dunning Blocks

Dunning
Block
0001
Customer Master OR Line Items

 You can prevent customer invoice from dunning. There are

two ways to to it:
• You can enter a dunning block in the item (e.g. customer invoice);
then the system puts this item on the blocked items list and this
items is not included in the dunning notice.
• You can enter a dunning block in the customer master. In such case
the system does issue a dunning notice at all for this account.
Dunning Levels

Dunning Levels

 A Ltd dunning procedure has three dunning levels.

 The higher the dunning level the more insistent is the
dunning text.
 Each item to be dunned gets a dunning level according to its
days in arrears.
 From one dunning run to another the dunning level can only
be raised by one, i.e. no dunning level can be skipped.
Print Dunning Notices
3
1 2 Print Notices
Schedule Check Spool Request(s)
printout

 The print program for the dunning procedure:

• generates dunning notices,
• enters the dun date and the dunning level into the dunned items
(e.g. invoices) and customer master records.
 If one-time customers are dunned, the dunning data is only
updated in the items.
 Dunning notices are printed in a sequence defined by sort
criteria.
Accounts Receivable Process Overview

Financial
Accounting

Accounts
Receivable

Master Invoice Cash Account Periodic Reporting

Data / Processing Receipting / Analysis & Processing
Credit Payments Reconciliation
Management
Reporting

 SAP system offers number of reports that help analyzing

entered business transactions:
• Open Items List
• Cleared Items List
• Account List
• Account Balance List
 Customised Reports
• Aged Open Items List
 Report can be:
• Printed out directly to the printer,
• Saved as a local file (txt format, Excel file etc.)
• Sent by e-mail