Analytical Chemistry EBT 253/3: Prepared By, Dr. Salmie Suhana Che Abdullah

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
EBT 253/3
Prepared by,
Dr. Salmie Suhana Che Abdullah
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry
What is analytical chemistry ?
• Analytical chemistry is concerned with the chemical
characterization of matter.
• Everything is made of chemicals. Analytical chemists

determine what and how much.
• The discipline of analytical chemistry consists of

qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
The relationship between analytical chemistry, other branches of chemistry, and
the other sciences. The central location of analytical chemistry in the diagram
signifies its importance and the breadth of its interactions with many other
disciplines
Qualitative analysis:
 reveals the identity of the elements and
compounds in the sample.
 e.g what chemicals are present.
Quantitative analysis:
 indicates the amount (numerical amount) of each
substance in a sample
 e.g how much of concentration
Should a qualitative or quantitative test be chosen?
• Analytical chemistry should always be performed for
a purpose; this may sound obvious yet this fact is
often forgotten.
• It has been estimated that up to 10% of tests
performed each year world-wide are unnecessary.
• Apart from the waste of money, there is clearly a
huge wastage in human effort and resourcing.
• The important message here is to plan your analysis
carefully and appropriately.
When and Where is Analytical Chemistry used?
• Many peoples will think of analytical chemistry as

involving high-tech instrumentation such as mass
spectrometry, chromatography, infrared techniques
and etc. However, simple methods have been used as
well.
• There are several simpler approaches have been
used such as a mechanic will use a CO gas sensor
within the exhaust outlet pipe to determine whether
or not the levels of CO exceed a legal threshold.
• Diabetics may use an electrochemically based sensor
to monitor their blood glucose levels.
A typical quantitative analysis
There are a number of possible

paths through these steps. In the
simplest example represented by
the central vertical pathway, we
select a method, acquire and
process the sample, dissolve the
sample in a suitable solvent,
measure a property of the analyte,
calculate the results, and estimate
the reliability of the results.
Depending on the complexity of the
sample and the chosen method,
various other pathways may be
necessary.
Data handling and terminology
• Aliquot is a sample in solution form which is taken from a
larger volume.
• The test is often repeated with two or more samples to
evaluate reproducibility and measurements of this kind
are known as replicate measurements.
• The substance to be analysed within the sample is called
as analyte, and substances which may cause incorrect or
erroneous results are known as chemical interferents.
• The lowest concentration below which the test will fail to
recognize the presence of an analyte is called as lower
limit of detection.
• The specificity of the test defines how the test may respond
to the presence of a particular analyte, so if a test is totally
specific then it will only respond to the analyte of interest
and in this case no chemical interferents will interfere with
the analysis.
• The sensitivity of a test describes how close or similar in

magnitude two readings may be, and still be distinguished
from each other.
• Accuracy explains how close the measured value is to the

actual value, which may in reality be very hard to determine.
The Quality of Analytical Data
• Reproducibility and accuracy are normally the most
important criteria for the end user of a test.
• The scrutiny and assessment of the quality of the data
may be carried out by some form of data validation
process; much effort, time, and money is expended in
statistical analysis of data and validation process.
• Poor or unreliable data are at best useless.
Analytical approaches to solving problems

Analytical Chemistry EBT 253/3: Prepared By, Dr. Salmie Suhana Che Abdullah

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analytical Chemistry EBT 253/3: Prepared By, Dr. Salmie Suhana Che Abdullah

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analytical Chemistry EBT 253/3: Prepared By, Dr. Salmie Suhana Che Abdullah

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

• Everything is made of chemicals. Analytical chemists

• The discipline of analytical chemistry consists of

• Many peoples will think of analytical chemistry as

There are a number of possible

• The sensitivity of a test describes how close or similar in

• Accuracy explains how close the measured value is to the

You might also like