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    Cells and Microscope: First Year Science

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    This document provides an overview of cells and microscopy. It defines the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Instructions are given for how to properly use a microscope, prepare slides, and identify organelles when viewing plant and animal cell samples under the microscope.

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    Cells and Microscope: First Year Science

    Uploaded by

    api-406307933
    48 views25 pages
    This document provides an overview of cells and microscopy. It defines the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Instructions are given for how to properly use a microscope, prepare slides, and identify organelles when viewing plant and animal cell samples under the microscope.

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    This document provides an overview of cells and microscopy. It defines the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Instructions are given for how to properly use a microscope, prepare slides, and identify organelles when viewing plant and animal cell samples under the microscope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views25 pages

    Cells and Microscope: First Year Science

    Uploaded by

    api-406307933
    This document provides an overview of cells and microscopy. It defines the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Instructions are given for how to properly use a microscope, prepare slides, and identify organelles when viewing plant and animal cell samples under the microscope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 25

    First Year Science

    Cells and Microscope


    Cells
    Cells: Building blocks of life

    • Uni-cellular: organisms made of 1 cell


    • Multi-cellular: organisms made of
    many cells
    What is a cell made of?
    • Plant and animal cells are different, but they
    share 3 main structures

    3 main parts to all cells:


    1. Cell membrane
    2. Nucleus
    3. Cytoplasm
    The Cell: a living factory
    The Cell: a living factory
    Nucleus: the control centre of the cell

    • Contains genes that control inherited


    characteristics
    Office & boardroom

    Nucleus
    The Cell: a living factory
    Cell membrane: a thin layer surrounding
    the cell
    • Controls what comes in and out of the cell

    Wall and gates

    Cell
    membrane
    The Cell: a living factory
    Cytoplasm: a watery fluid between the
    nucleus and the cell membrane
    • Where reactions take place
    • Gives structure to the cell

    Factory floor

    Cytoplasm
    Plant Cell
    PLANT CELL Onion Cells

    Cell
    membrane

    Cytoplasm

    Cell wall
    Nucleus
    Animal Cell

    ANIMAL CELL Cheek Cells


    Rugby players are different
    shapes & sizes. Why?

    They do different jobs Cells are also different


    for the team. shapes & sizes because
    they perform different
    jobs.
    Different cell types
    How is the body organised?
    cell tissue organ

    Tissue: group of similar cells which carry out


    the same function. Eg: muscle
    Organ: A structure containing 2 or more
    tissues working together. Example: Stomach
    How is the body organised?
    cell tissue organ

    system
    System: A number
    of organs working
    together. Example:
    Digestive system
    How does an organism create new
    cells?
    3 main reasons to produce new cells
    1. Growth
    2. Repair
    3. Reproduction
    • How? CELL DIVISION
    Cell Division
    Microscope
    • Pass light through thin slice of an object

    • Use lenses to MAGNIFY this

    • FOCUS = the opposite of blurred


    Microscope Slides

    Cover slips

    Prepared slides
    How to use the microscope
    1. Handle edges of slides….no fingerprints!
    2. Start on the lowest magnification
    3. Coarse focus knob: move stage up as far as possible
    4. Place slide under the clips on the stage
    5. Look through the eyepiece while SLOWLY lowering
    the stage using the coarse focus knob.
    6. Eventually the image will FOCUS
    7. Use fine focus knob to improve focus
    Look at some sample slides
    • Can you identify the parts of the cell?

    • Is it an animal or a plant cell?


    PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
    Parts of the microscope
    • Eyepiece lens: what
    you look through
    • Coarse focus: brings
    an object into rough
    focus
    • Fine focus: precise
    focussing
    • Objective lens:
    changeable with
    different strengths
    How to use the microscope
    1. Move stage up to top with the coarse focus knob

    2. Place slide under the clips on the stage

    3. Look through the eyepiece while SLOWLY


    turning the coarse focus knob.

    4. Eventually the image will FOCUS

    5. Use fine focus knob to improve focus


    Magnification = Eyepiece lens x Objective lens
    Preparing onion cells
    • Watch this movie clip
    • Important points:
    – Make sure the layer of onion is not folded over
    – Lower the coverslip slowly and at an angle
    – Don’t press on coverslip
    – Hold slide and coverslip by the edges….no
    fingerprints!
    Equipment
    • Forceps
    • Onion layer prepared by teacher
    • Microscope slide
    • Cover slip
    • Iodine solution
    • Tissue paper
    • Microscope
    • Notebook
    • Pencil
    • Eraser
    What to do
    1. Put onion tissue on slide
    2. Put a few drops of iodine
    on top of onion
    3. Lower cover slip slowly & at
    angle
    4. View slide under
    microscope
    5. DRAW what you see
    6. Label parts of cell seen
    Important points
    • Make sure the layer of onion is not folder over
    • Lower the coverslip slowly and at an angle
    • Hold slide and coverslip by the edges….no
    fingerprints!

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