Scribd
Upload
241 views19 pages

Metode IP 1

This document discusses electrical resistivity methods used in mineral exploration and oil/gas applications. Resistivity quantifies a rock's resistance to electrical current flow and can vary widely between rock types. The resistivity method is a controlled source method that requires direct contact with the ground via electrodes. It is labor intensive but provides better resolution than gravity or magnetics methods. The document then explains key concepts like resistivity, resistance, Ohm's law, and how different electrode array geometries (gradient, Schlumberger, dipole-dipole) allow measuring resistivity at different depths and locations beneath the surface.

Uploaded by

فردوس سليمان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
241 views19 pages

Metode IP 1

This document discusses electrical resistivity methods used in mineral exploration and oil/gas applications. Resistivity quantifies a rock's resistance to electrical current flow and can vary widely between rock types. The resistivity method is a controlled source method that requires direct contact with the ground via electrodes. It is labor intensive but provides better resolution than gravity or magnetics methods. The document then explains key concepts like resistivity, resistance, Ohm's law, and how different electrode array geometries (gradient, Schlumberger, dipole-dipole) allow measuring resistivity at different depths and locations beneath the surface.

Uploaded by

فردوس سليمان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Electrical Methods

• Resistivity is a rock property – quantifies resistance to current flow


• Range of rock resistivities is very large
• Widely used in mineral exploration, and in geoenvironmental
applications
• Widely used in boreholes in the oil and gas industry
Resistivity method
• Is an example of a “controlled source” method
• Requires direct electrical contact with the ground
(electrodes, spools of wire, …)
• Labour intensive, but better resolution than
gravity or magnetics
Resistivity method
Resistance and resistivity
Resistivity: An inherent rock property, controls resistance to
current flow
Resistance: Simply a ratio between voltage drop and current flow
in an electric circuit (i.e., across a rock sample):

Resistance depends on geometrical factors, as well as resistivity:

I
δl
Solving for resistivity:
A

δV
Resistivity and conductivity
Resistivity: An inherent rock property, controls
resistance to current flow – measures resistance for a
unit cube.
Conductivity: The inverse of resistivity (i.e., the ease
with which current flows)
Ohm’s law
The current, I distributes itself
across the cross-sectional
area, A of the sample. We
define the current density,

Ohm’s law states , thus


Ohm’s law in “continuous media”

Ohm’s law states

From calculus:

In 3-D:
Injecting current at a single electrode

Earlier, for a sample:

Geometrical term

How do we do this from


the surface, for ground
measurements?
Start with a single current
electrode …
Injecting current at a single electrode
Current, I is
distributed over a
half-sphere, hence

Using Ohm’s law

or
Injecting current at a single electrode

Integrating

Solving for resistivity:


Geometrical term
Current flow in the ground
Field electrode arrays

Apply the single


electrode formula for
each of the four
electrode
combinations:
Geometrical term
Field electrode arrays

Geometrical term
Field electrode arrays

Geometrical term

(for the gradient array, we usually require L – x > 3l )

The Gradient array is often used for “lateral profiling” (see


later)
In the next array, the Schlumberger array we use x = 0
Field electrode arrays

Geometrical term

The Schlumberger array is commonly used for


“depth sounding” (see later)
Field electrode arrays

Geometrical term

The dipole-dipole array is commonly when both the


lateral position, and spacing are varied (see later)
Next lecture: Types of resistivity
surveys
There are several variations on resistivity surveys:

1. A “lateral profile” aims to locate anomalies,


along a line or on a map
2. A “depth profile” aims to construct a vertical
profile of subsurface resistivities and depths
3. A combination of the above, which aims to
construct a “pseudo-section” or a “real section”

You might also like