Scribd
Upload
23 views12 pages

Probability Distributuion

This document discusses various probability distributions: 1) It defines random variables and introduces discrete and continuous random variables. 2) It explains probability mass functions, probability density functions, and cumulative distribution functions which describe the probabilities of random variables. 3) It covers expectation values and introduces several specific probability distributions including Bernoulli, binomial, Poisson, exponential, and normal distributions. Common examples are provided for each.

Uploaded by

sayli_p
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views12 pages

Probability Distributuion

This document discusses various probability distributions: 1) It defines random variables and introduces discrete and continuous random variables. 2) It explains probability mass functions, probability density functions, and cumulative distribution functions which describe the probabilities of random variables. 3) It covers expectation values and introduces several specific probability distributions including Bernoulli, binomial, Poisson, exponential, and normal distributions. Common examples are provided for each.

Uploaded by

sayli_p
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Presented by
Mohammad Kazim
Id no : 2701132
MEANING OF RANDOM VARIABLE
 It is the real valued function defined over a sample
space.

 If the interest is on some function of the out come of


an experiment/process rather than the actual outcome
itself. These quantities of interest are known as random
variable.

 For Example : an expressway safety service may be


interested to know the probability that a particular
number of accidents could take place on a day rather
than the details of the accident itself.
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS
RANDOM VARIABLE
 Probability Mass Function : A random variable that
can take countable number of possible values
(including infinite countable numbers) is said to be
discrete random variable. For example : Sum of the
numbers on top faces of two dice rolled. For
discrete random variable (p.m.f) is
P(a)  P[ X  a]
 Probability Density Function : A random variable
whose set of positive values is uncountable. For
example : time taken to service a customer.

P(x  B)  
B
f ( x ) dx
CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
 It is defined as the sum of all probabilities for
the value of random variable less than or
equal to the specified value .

 For discrete random variable is


( xi )
F (a )  P ( X  a ) p
for xi  a

 For continuous random variable is


a
F (a )  P ( X  a )  

f ( x ) dx
EXPECTATION VALUE OF RANDOM VARIABLE
 The weighted mean of the probability distribution is
called the expected value of random variable. For
e.g. if we consider random variable X as next months
demand for our product, say luxury car.

 For discrete random variable:


E [ X ]  for x
all x i p ( x i ) where p( i ) is p.m.f.

 For discrete random variable:



E[X ] 

 xf ( x ) dx where f(x) is p.d.f.
BERNOULLI DISTRIBUTION
 It deals with individual trail. It is a building block for
other random variables. It is a single trail distribution.

Application of Bernoulli distribution :

 Sex of newborn child; Male =0, Female =1.


 Items produced by a machine are defective or non def.

 During next flight an engine will fail or remain

serviceable.
 Students appearing for the exam will pass or fail.
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
 If random variable X represents the number of successes
that occur in n trials, then X is said to a Binomial random
variable with parameter (n,p).

Application of Binomial Distribution.

 Trails are finite performed repeatedly for ‘n’ times.


 Each trail should result in either success or failure.

 Probability of success in any trail is ‘p’ and is constant for

each trail.
 All trails are independent
 Followingare some of the real life examples of
application of binomial distribution.

 No. of defective items in a lot of n items.


 No. of male births out of n births in a hospital.
 No. of correct answers in a multiple-choice test.
 No. of seed germinated in a row of n planted

seeds.
 No. of missiles hitting the targets out n fired.
POISSON DISTRIBUTION
 A random variable X, taking one of the values
0,1,2… is said to be a Poisson random variable with
parameter λ, if for some λ > 0,
P ( X  i )  e  for i =0,1,2…
  i

i!

Common examples are :

 No. of accidents per day on expressway.


 No. of earthquakes over a fixed time span.
 No. of misprints on a page.
 No. of arrivals of calls on telephone exchange per

minute.
EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION
 A continuous random variable X is said to be
exponential with parameter λ > 0,
   x forx  0
f (x)  {
0 forx  0

For example :
 Time taken until next earthquake occur from now.

 Time taken to serve customer from now.

 Time taken till the machine would break down

from this moment.


NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
 If random variable is affected by many
independent causes, and the effect of each
cause is not significantly large as compared to
other effects, then the random variable will
follow normal distribution. For example.

 Weights of coffee filled in packs.


 Length of nails manufactured on a machine.
 Hardness of ball bearing surface.
 Effectiveness of training programme on the

employees’ productivity.
THANK YOU

You might also like