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Brief Historical Bases of The Government of The Philippines

The historical bases of the Philippine government can be traced through several periods: (1) The pre-Spanish period consisted of independent barangays ruled by datus; (2) Under Spanish rule, the government was centralized under the King of Spain through governors; (3) During the revolutionary era against Spain, the Katipunan and later republican governments were established; (4) The American period began as a military government that transitioned to a commonwealth; (5) Japan established a short-lived republic during its occupation; (6) After liberation, the current republican system of government was established under the 1987 constitution.

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78 views15 pages

Brief Historical Bases of The Government of The Philippines

The historical bases of the Philippine government can be traced through several periods: (1) The pre-Spanish period consisted of independent barangays ruled by datus; (2) Under Spanish rule, the government was centralized under the King of Spain through governors; (3) During the revolutionary era against Spain, the Katipunan and later republican governments were established; (4) The American period began as a military government that transitioned to a commonwealth; (5) Japan established a short-lived republic during its occupation; (6) After liberation, the current republican system of government was established under the 1987 constitution.

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Brief Historical Bases of the Government

of the Philippines
 The Historical Bases Are As Follows:
A. The Pre-Spanish Government
1. The Philippines was a composite of barangays, each was either
ruled by a datu, rajah, sultan or hadji;
2. Its people were divided into:
a. Maharlika (nobility)
b. Timawa (the freemen)
c. Aliping mamamahay (the serfs) and
d. Aliping saguiguilid (the slaves),
3. Its law were written and unwritten. The written were the
“Maragtas Code” and the “Kalantiaw Code”, and the unwritten
were customs and traditions passed on from one generation to
another.
Balangay
The barangay is
monarchy in
form, with datu
as its monarch
Maharlika Timawa
Alipin
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
B. The Government Under the Spanish Regime
1. Philippine Government was centralized under the King of
Spain through a Governor-General;
2. The barangays were consolidated into pueblos headed by a
governadorcillo or capitan;
3. The pueblos into provincias, each headed by a governor;
4. The cities were governed by ayuntamiento or cabildo (city
council) under special charters;
5. The judicial power was exercised by the Royal Audiencia
(Supreme Court of the Philippines) with two lower courts
called Territorial Audencias.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
C. The Government during the Revolutionary Era
1. The Katipunan government was established and headed by
Andres Bonifacio with its following set-up;
 its central government was vested in a Kataastaasang
Sanggunian (Supreme Council),
 each province had a Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial
Council),
 each town with a Sangguniang Balangay (Popular Council)
and
 the judicial power was vested in Sangguniang Hukuman
(Judicial Council).
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
2. The Biak-na-Bato Republic under Gen. Aguinaldo replaced the
Katipunan government;
3. Due to chaotic conditions in the country following the outbreak of
Spanish-American war, Gen. Aguinaldo established the
Dictatorial Government replacing the Biak-na-Bato Republic;
4. Gen. Aguinaldo established again a Revolutionary Government
replacing the Dictatorial government;
5. Under the Revolutionary congress of Filipino representatives
convened and drafted the Malolos Constitution establishing a free
and independent Philippine Republic, thus, giving birth to the
First Republic of the Philippines under the Presidency of Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
D. The Philippine Government During the American
Regime
1. It began with the Military Government under the President
of the United States, as a Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
Forces , through a Military Governor;
2. The Civil Government replaced the Military Government
pursuant to the Spooner Amendment; such government was
headed by a Civil Governor and later by a Governor-General
who were all Americans.
3. Pursuant to the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1935, the
Commonwealth Government of the Philippines was
established.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines

4. March 24, 1934, The Tydings-McDuffie Act establishes


the Commonwealth of the Philippines and sets July 4,
1946, as the date for full Philippine independence.
5. The creation of the Commonwealth was envisioned
under the Philippine Independence Act, popularly
known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act as a ten-year
transitional government in preparation for full
Philippine independence and sovereignty.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
 The 1935 Constitution was drafted and ratified paving the
way to the first national election which installed Manuel L.
Quezon as President. The Commonwealth Government
functioning in exile in Washington during the WW II, was
reestablished in the Philippines on February 27, 1945 under
President Sergio Osmena.
E. Philippine Under the Japanese Regime
1. It began with the Military Administration
2. Philippine Executive Commission was organized exercising
both executive and legislative powers. The judiciary
functioned in the same way as it was under the
Commonwealth.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
3. Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines was
established and inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as President.
This was tagged as the Second Republic of the Philippines.
F. The Philippine Government After The Liberation
1. When the constitutional processes were restored, the
Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated with
Manual Roxas as the first President. This constituted the
Third Republic of the Philippines. The succeeding
Presidents under this Republic were Presidents Quirino,
Magsaysay, Garcia and Macapagal.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the Philippines
2. President Ferdinand Marcos proclaimed the birth of the
Fourth Republic of the Philippines under the 1973
Constitution. The constitution adopted a parliamentary form
of government and later amended the same in a plebiscite
installing a modified parliamentary system of government.
 The government under Pres. Marcos lasted on February 25,
1986 as a result of the so called EDSA Revolution.

Lets Watch The Video Clippings About EDSA Revolution


Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
G. The Philippine Provisional Revolutionary Government
1. The Philippine Government of 1986 was a provisional,
revolutionary, a de facto government, that is, by voice of the
majority, it got possession and control of the rightful
government.
 It acquired a de jure status when it gained wide acceptance
and support from the Filipino people and due recognition
from the community of nations throughout the world.
2. The Provisional Government adopted a Freedom
Constitution replacing the 1973 Constitution. It opted to
abide by the provisions of the same pending the drafting,
adoption, ratification and affectivity of the 1987 Constitution.
Brief Historical Bases of the Government
of the of the Philippines
3. The Presidents under the 1987 (Present) Constitution were
Cory Aquino, Fidel Ramos, Erap Estrada, Gloria Arroyo, and
P Noy Aquino.

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