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LB3 Stabilisasion and Solidification

Stabilization and solidification (S/S) techniques aim to make hazardous waste safer for disposal by reducing leaching potential. Stabilization converts waste into a more stable form through chemical reactions. Solidification creates a solid mass using binders like cement. S/S is often used as a pre-treatment for landfill disposal by improving waste characteristics and containment. It works best on inorganic wastes and may require pre-treatment to adjust waste properties. S/S plants blend stabilized waste with binders before disposal.

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Muhammad Ridho Puryagustama
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88 views20 pages

LB3 Stabilisasion and Solidification

Stabilization and solidification (S/S) techniques aim to make hazardous waste safer for disposal by reducing leaching potential. Stabilization converts waste into a more stable form through chemical reactions. Solidification creates a solid mass using binders like cement. S/S is often used as a pre-treatment for landfill disposal by improving waste characteristics and containment. It works best on inorganic wastes and may require pre-treatment to adjust waste properties. S/S plants blend stabilized waste with binders before disposal.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ridho Puryagustama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANDIKA RIZKI MULIA (L1B115004)

NOVADJI NUR FURQONSYAH (L1B115019)


FATUR RAHMAN (L1B115024) M. RIDHO
PURYAGUSTAMA (L1B115026)
NANDA GASUKA (L1B115032)
Immobilisation is a collective term for a range of
treatment processes that primarily aim to make
hazardous waste safe for disposal by reducing the
potential for waste component leaching
Stabilisation: techniques by which hazardous
wastes are converted into a more stable form
Solidification: techniques that create a solid mass
of either the original waste, or waste that has been
stabilised
S/S often used in combination
S/S feedstock is often the residue from other
treatment processes
Aims of S/S of hazardous waste
Reduce potential for hazardous waste leaching
•Conversion of pollutants into less toxic form
•Decrease in waste surface area
•Reduction of pollutant mobility
Formation of solid mass with no free liquid
Improvement in handling and physical characteristics
of waste

Should normally be considered as a pre-landfill


treatment process
Adjustment of physical characteristics
• particle size, shape and distribution by size
screening and/or reduction
• moisture content
• homogeneity
• viscosity
Adjustment of chemical characteristics
• pH
• toxicity
•removal of toxic constituents
•destruction of toxicity
•reduction of toxicity
Stabilisation
Chemical reaction
•Acid/alkali neutralisation
•Chelation
•Complexation
•Oxidation/reduction
•Precipitation
•Hydroxides
•Silicates
•Sulphides
Chemisorption
Ion exchange
May be used to treat original or stabilised wastes
Types of binders used:
• Cement-based
• Portland cement, cement kiln dust
• Lime/limestone/quicklime
• Lime/fly ash, lime kiln dust
• Lime/ other natural and artificial pozzolana based systems
• Thermoplastic materials
• Asphalt (Bitumen), Paraffin, polyethylene
• Thermosetting polymers
• Polybutadiene, (poly)urea-formaldehyde,
polyvinylesterstyrene
•Activated carbon
•Emulsifiers and surfactants
•Lime, fly ash & kiln dust
•Oxidants
•Reducing agents
•Selected clays
•Soluble silicates
Characteristics of waste
•chemical properties
•composition and concentration
•acidity/alkalinity
•oxidation/reduction potential
•solubility
Physical properties
•state (liquid, sludge or solid)
•particle size, shape & distribution
•solid content
•viscosity
Characteristics of binders
Mode of processing
Waste assessment

Waste sampling and characterisation to determine:


•type of contaminants
•levels of contamination
•spatial distribution of contaminants
•presence of possible interference effects
S/S is best suited to largely inorganic wastes
Physical tests Chemical tests
•Moisture content •pH
•specific gravity •acid neutralisation capacity
•bulk density •oxidation/reduction potential
•permeability •total organic carbon
•porosity •oil & grease
•strength •volatile organic compounds
•durability •metal analysis

Leaching/extraction tests
1. FORMULATION:
Waste type, % and composition
Binder composition
Water content
2. PROCESSING OF MIX
Mixing method
Hydration conditions
Age
Disposal conditions
• Likely to be limited because of:
•Unreliable long term durability
•Poor mechanical properties
•Perception of risk

• May be possible to use as inert fill


• Should be seen as landfill pre-treatment method
• Disposal - should not be with mixed MSW
• Compatibility with disposal environment should
be tested
•Air pollution control residues
•Metal sludge wastes
•Dredging sludge
•Filter press cake
•Tannery wastes
•Contaminated soils
•Lagoon sludge

Plus other PREDOMINANTLY inorganic


wastes - all are likely to contain some organics
Schematic of waste S/S plant
Part 1: Stabilisation
Waste effluent

5000 tonnes
Alkali waste
Inorganic pH > 12 Stock Vacuum
solids, storage filtration
liquids tank to
and pH 8.5-9.5 produce
sludge 20-30% filter
TOC < 1000 mg/L solids cake
9000 tonnes
acid waste
pH > 7-8
Incoming waste storage blending stabilised
waste waste
Schematic of waste S/S plant
Part 2: Solidification

stabilised Landfill
waste Output ~ 6T 15% OPC + 15% PFA disposal
filter per hour + 70% filter cake in clay
cake (~ 50% solids) lined
cell

Stabilised High energy Mono-disposal


waste mixer
Waste types treated by UK plant
Type of waste % of whole
Sulphuric acid 4.7
Hydrochloric acid 4.6
Chromic acid 0.6
Mixed/other acids 6.6
Al-chloride solutions 16.6
Fe-chloride solutions 0.9
Solid/liquid cyanides 2.7
Caustic solutions 30.5
Neutral sludges 10.4
Lime sludges 14.0
Other sludges 0.8
Filter cakes 1.1
Paint stripper washings 1.7
Ferrous sulphate 1.0
Others 3.1
Treated waste specification
• 28 day strength from any 1 day of production will
not be less than 700 kPa. No individual sample to
have strength less than 350kPa

• Permeability at 28 days less than 1x10-7 m/s

• No supernatant after S/S waste standing 24 hours

• Leaching properties:
Depends on test but typically includes limits on
pH, TOC, Total cyanide, total phenol, ammonia
Heavy metals (Zn, Hg, Cr), total metal limit and total
organic or organo-metallic pesticides
• Waste reduction and avoidance by
generators should always be a priority
• Role of on-site vs off-site technologies
• Need to consider residues from treatment
processes and their disposal
• Transitional technologies may be used
until final high-quality installations are
available
•Stabilisation and solidification techniques
• Reduce potential for hazardous waste leaching
• Improve handling and physical characteristics
• May require pre-treatment of wastes eg to
change particle size, pH

•Stabilisation is usually followed by solidification

•Should be considered as a pre-landfill treatment


process

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