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    K44 - Nutrition During Lactation

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    billi lisanuddin
    This document discusses nutrition during lactation. It notes that breastfeeding is nutritionally demanding for the mother and requires increased intake of most nutrients. Specifically, it recommends that lactating mothers consume at least 1800 calories per day, obtain 20-35% of calories from fat including long-chain PUFAs, and stay hydrated by drinking water with meals and when nursing. While most mothers can obtain needed nutrients from a well-balanced diet, some may need supplements like iron. The document also cautions against practices like alcohol, smoking, or medications that could transfer to breast milk.

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    K44 - Nutrition During Lactation

    Uploaded by

    billi lisanuddin
    168 views26 pages
    This document discusses nutrition during lactation. It notes that breastfeeding is nutritionally demanding for the mother and requires increased intake of most nutrients. Specifically, it recommends that lactating mothers consume at least 1800 calories per day, obtain 20-35% of calories from fat including long-chain PUFAs, and stay hydrated by drinking water with meals and when nursing. While most mothers can obtain needed nutrients from a well-balanced diet, some may need supplements like iron. The document also cautions against practices like alcohol, smoking, or medications that could transfer to breast milk.

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    K44 - - Nutrition During Lactation

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    This document discusses nutrition during lactation. It notes that breastfeeding is nutritionally demanding for the mother and requires increased intake of most nutrients. Specifically, it recommends that lactating mothers consume at least 1800 calories per day, obtain 20-35% of calories from fat including long-chain PUFAs, and stay hydrated by drinking water with meals and when nursing. While most mothers can obtain needed nutrients from a well-balanced diet, some may need supplements like iron. The document also cautions against practices like alcohol, smoking, or medications that could transfer to breast milk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    168 views26 pages

    K44 - Nutrition During Lactation

    Uploaded by

    billi lisanuddin
    This document discusses nutrition during lactation. It notes that breastfeeding is nutritionally demanding for the mother and requires increased intake of most nutrients. Specifically, it recommends that lactating mothers consume at least 1800 calories per day, obtain 20-35% of calories from fat including long-chain PUFAs, and stay hydrated by drinking water with meals and when nursing. While most mothers can obtain needed nutrients from a well-balanced diet, some may need supplements like iron. The document also cautions against practices like alcohol, smoking, or medications that could transfer to breast milk.

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    NUTRITION DURING

    LACTATION

    zzt’07
    In-Hospital Breastfeeding Rates (US, 2001)

    90
    80
    Healthy People 2010 Goal
    70
    60 40.7
    23.2
    Percent

    50 Mixed
    40 Exclusive
    30
    42.2 46.3
    20
    10
    0
    California National
    Breastfeeding Rates at 6 mo (2001)

    Exclusive Mixed

    100
    90
    80 Healthy People 2010 Goal
    70
    Percent

    60
    50
    40
    30 20.1
    15.3
    20
    10 24.1 17.2
    0
    Pacific Region National
    Breastfeeding : A Learned Behavior

     Physiological process  virtually all mothers


    are capable of doing
     Is a learned behavior  not all mother
    decide to do
     Mother’s partner also plays an important
    role
    Advantages

     Nutritionally superior to any alternatives


     Bacteriologically safe & always fresh
     Contains various antiinfectious factors &
    immune cells
     The least allergenic to any infant food
     Breast-fed babies are less likely to be
    overfed
     Promotes good jaw & tooth development
     Cost less
     Promotes close mother-child contact
     More convenient once the process is
    established
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) &
    American Dietetic Association (ADA)

    Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months,


    and breastfeeding with
    complementary foods for at least 12
    months as an optimal feeding pattern
    for infants
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

    Females infected with the human


    immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should be
    counseled not to beast-feed
    Females who are at risk for being infected
    with the virus should be educated about the
    risk of infecting their infant with HIV
    through breast milk
    The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

     Global effort to  the incidence & duration


    of breast-feeding
     To become ‘baby friendly’, a hospital must
    agree to implement the “Ten steps to
    Successful Breast-feeding”
    Ten steps to successful breast-feeding

     Have a written breast-feeding policy that is


    routinely communicated to all health care
    staff
     Train all health care staff in the skills
    necessary to implement this policy
     Inform all pregnant females about the
    benefits and management of breast-feeding
     Help the mother initiate breast-feeding
    within a half hour of birth
     Show mothers how to breast-feed and how
    to maintain lactation, even if they are
    separated from their infant
     Give new born infants no food or drink other
    than breast milk unless medically indicated
     Practice rooming-in
     Encourage breast-feeding on demand
     Give no artificial teats or pacifiers
     Foster the establishment of breast feeding
    support groups, and refer mothers to them
    on discharge from the hospital or clinic
    Nutritional requirements

     Lactation is nutritionally demanding


     Increased intake of most nutrient is advised
     Milk production is most affected by the
    frequency of suckling
     Milk composition varies according to
    mother’s diet, but in general the effect is to
    reduce quantity, not quality
    Energy

     Production 100 ml of milk  need 85 kcal


    expenditure
     1st 6 mo of lactation  750 ml/day (550 –
    1200 ml/day)
     RDA : + 330 kcal (1st 6 mo)
    + 400 kcal (2nd 6 mo)
     2nd 6 mo 
    - production  600 ml/day  E req
    - consuming solid food
     Energy intake at least 1800 kcal/day
     Inadeq maternal fluid intake affects milk
    volume
     After birth  women are in a hurry to lose
    weight
     In general  lose ½ - 1 kg / mo during the
    1st 4 – 6 mo of lactation
     Exercise >>   lactic acid of breast milk 
    influence milk taste
    Breastfeeding and maternal weight loss
    (Dewey et al. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:162-6)
    Fat

     20 – 35% of total calories


     Presence of long-chain PUFA
    (polyunsaturated fatty acid)  crucial for
    fetal & infant retina & brain development
     AI n-6 PUFA : 13g/day
     AI n-3 PUFA : 1.3 g/day
    Human Milk Composition
     Influences of maternal diet
    a. CHO, protein & minerals  not influenced by maternal diet
    b. Fat and vitamins  influenced by maternal diet

    
    Human Milk Composition

    Influences of maternal nutritional status

    - milk composition remains relatively constant unless malnutrition


    is severe
    - the volume of milk produced may  with malnutrition
    Water

    Drink a glass of milk, juice or water at


    each meal and each time the infant
    nurses
    Nutrient supplements

     Most women can obtain all the nutrients


    from a well balanced diet
     Some may need iron  to refill their
    depleted iron stores
    Particular foods

     Foods with strong or spicy flavors (e.g.


    garlic) may alter the flavor of breast milk
     Infants who develop symptoms of food
    allergy  more comfortable if the mother’s
    diet exclude the most common offenders
    (cow’s milk, eggs, peanuts)
    Increased Requirements
    Practices incompatible with lactation

     Alcohol
    - easily enters breast milk
     Smoking
    - transfer nicotine
     Medicinal drugs
     Environmental contaminants
     Caffeine
    zzt’07

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