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Brain Machine Interface

Vysakh Sharma discusses brain-machine interfaces (BMI) in his document. BMI aim to create a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices. The document covers invasive, semi-invasive and non-invasive BMI models and their applications. Research is ongoing to use BMI to help paralyzed patients control devices with their thoughts and restore sensory feedback. However, challenges remain around ensuring safety and addressing ethical concerns before widespread human use.

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Vysakh Sharma
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497 views

Brain Machine Interface

Vysakh Sharma discusses brain-machine interfaces (BMI) in his document. BMI aim to create a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices. The document covers invasive, semi-invasive and non-invasive BMI models and their applications. Research is ongoing to use BMI to help paralyzed patients control devices with their thoughts and restore sensory feedback. However, challenges remain around ensuring safety and addressing ethical concerns before widespread human use.

Uploaded by

Vysakh Sharma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VYSAKH SHARMA

S7 AE & I
ROLL NO: 65
MOUNT ZION COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
KERALA

The
bio port

Load
n
their ew skills
c i
brain olleagues nto
s '
 The bioport (that’s what the technology was
called in movie) was a way of giving the
Matrix computers full access to the
information channels of the brain.
 The rebels use the bioport to load new skills
into their colleagues' brains—writing directly
into permanent memory.
 Imagine all this turning to reality.
 All your exam time problems vanishing.
 You being able to memorize your course books
with just a tap of button.
 A BMI is an attempt to mesh our minds with
machine. These are electronic interfaces with
the brain , which has ability to send & receive
signals from brain.
 Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical
activity of nerves and muscles.

 The brain is composed of millions of neurons. These


neurons work together in complex logic and produce
thought and signal that control our bodies.

 When the neuron fires or activates there is a voltage


change across the cell, which can be read through a variety
of devices.

 By monitoring or analyzing these signals, we can


understand the working of brain.

 A neuron depolarizes to generate an impulse.

 We can control the brain function by artificially producing


these signals and sending them to respective parts.
 Moving to reality, many researches are actually going on to
explore the possibility of the man and machine merger
 Trials for the implanted chip technology have been very
successful for monkeys, who have learned to control a computer
game with their brains.
 Scientists are finding different ways of receiving senses for
people who have lost a sense, such as sight or touch, they are
made wear an artificial sensor.
 Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have developed "neuron
transistors" that can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, or
alternatively, can cause a nearby neuron to fire, or suppress it
from firing
BMI

SEMI – NON-
INVASIVE
INVASIVE INVASIVE
INVASIVE BMI SEMI INVASIVE BMI NON INVASIVE BMI
MODEL MODEL
MODEL
Electrodes
Signal Processing
Section
External Device
Feedback
Demonstrated on 31st March,2009.
Enables a user to control an ASIMO
robot using nothing more than thought.
A headset containing both (EEG) and
near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
sensors used.
User simply imagines moving either
hand, tongue or feet - and ASIMO
makes a corresponding movement.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-fE9QBy0FI
 VIDEO OF EXPERIMENT FROM HONDAS
BMI.
 Scientists who are finding different ways of
receiving senses. People who have lost a sense,
such as sight or touch wear an artificial sensor.
 This might be a video camera, or a touch
sensitive glove. Then, electrical pulses which
encode the sense are sent to brain via a strip on
their tongue
 REMOTE CONTROL BrainGate technology is designed to read
brain signals associated with controlling movement, which a
computer could translate into instructions for moving a computer
cursor or controlling a variety of assistive devices.

 Plugging a sensor into the human brain's motor cortex could turn
the thoughts of paralysis victims into action. Team of Brown
University scientists have expanded its efforts to developing
technology that reconnects the brain to lifeless limbs.
 BrainGate Neural Interface includes a baby aspirin–size brain sensor
containing 100 electrodes
 Sensor connects to the surface of the motor cortex (the part of the brain that
enables voluntary movement), registers electrical signals from nearby
neurons, and transmits them through gold wires to a set of computers,
processors and monitors.

 BrainGate can assist those suffering from spinal cord injuries, muscular
dystrophy, brain stem stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other
motor neuron diseases
 ELECTRODE IMPLANTED UNDER
NEURON
 An ordinary silicon chip, with the outermost 20 nm
oxidized, is an ideal substrate to cultivate neurons on.
 The silicon oxide layer insulates the two sides and
stops any electrochemical charge transfer, which
might damage the chip or the cell.
 Instead, there is only a capacitative connection,
established by a so-called planar core-coat conductor.
Proteins sticking out of the lipid membrane ensure
that there is a thin (50-100 nm) conducting layer
between lipid and silicon oxide, which constitutes the
core of the conductor.
 Gamers will soon be able to interact with the virtual world
using their thoughts and emotions alone.
 A neuro-headset which interprets the interaction of neurons in
the brain will go on sale later this year.
 It’s a brain computer interface that reads electrical impulses
in the brain and translates them into commands that a video
game can accept and control the game dynamically

 The headset could detects more than 30 different expressions,


emotions and actions.
 Gamers are able to move objects in the world just by thinking
of the action
 In this era where drastic diseases are getting
common , it is a boon if we can develop it to its
full potential.
 It provides better living , more features, more
advancement in technologies etc.
 Linking up in this way would allow for computer
intelligence to be hooked more directly into
brain.
 By this human get gradual co-evolution with
computers.
 Getting the right codes out for the desired action
 Permanent brain damage.
 Virus attack may occur to brain causing ill effect.
 In the networked brain condition –what will
mean to be human?
 Animal rights.
 Extensive training required.
A great deal of efforts in neuroscience,
robotics, and computer science are today
spent by many research groups to develop
BMI.
Concept of BMI have been used for a large
number of applications in various fields.
Till now research is going on largely on
monkeys and rats.

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