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Wimax 802.16: Waheed Ur Rehman

This document discusses WiMAX and quality of service (QoS) in next generation networks (NGN). It provides information on WiMAX standards 802.16 and 802.16e, how they differ from 802.11, and their suitable uses. It also outlines the architecture of NGN, including separate domains for services, transport, and distributed processing. QoS is a key requirement for NGN to support real-time multimedia services over packet-based networks.

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Waheed Rehman
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85 views26 pages

Wimax 802.16: Waheed Ur Rehman

This document discusses WiMAX and quality of service (QoS) in next generation networks (NGN). It provides information on WiMAX standards 802.16 and 802.16e, how they differ from 802.11, and their suitable uses. It also outlines the architecture of NGN, including separate domains for services, transport, and distributed processing. QoS is a key requirement for NGN to support real-time multimedia services over packet-based networks.

Uploaded by

Waheed Rehman
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WiMAX

802.16

Waheed ur Rehman
802.16
 Air interface for fixed broadband wireless
access network
WMAN or WLL
Unlike OSI its fairly complicated
802.16 vs 802.11
 .16 gives service to building( not mobile)
Buildings have more connections
(complicated)
.16 is full duplex
.16 is for city
Variant perceived power at the BS resulting
in different modulation schemes in .16
802.16 vs 802.11
 security is of main concern
More users in a cell of .16
User are expected to use more bandwidth
in .16(more spectrum required)
.16 tend to be directional
.16 expected to provide QoS, .11 very
limited using PCF
Fixed and mobile WiMAX

 802.16-2004 is often called 802.16d


It is also frequently referred to as "fixed
WiMAX" since it has no support for mobility.
 802.16e-2005 is an amendment to 802.16-
2004 and is often referred to in shortened
form as 802.16e. It introduced support for
mobility, amongst other things and is
therefore also known as "mobile WiMAX
WiMAX is suitable for
 Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the
Internet.
 Providing a wireless alternative to
cable and DSL for "last mile"
broadband access.
 Providing data and
telecommunications services.
 Providing a source of Internet
connectivity
Operated Frequency
 The original version of the standard on
which WiMAX is based (IEEE 802.16)
specified a physical layer operating in the
10 to 66 GHz range.
 802.16a, updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004,
added specifications for the 2 to 11 GHz
range.
 802.16-2004 was updated by 802.16e-
2005 in 2005
 More advanced versions, including 802.16e,
also bring Multiple Antenna Support
through MIMO.
802.16 protocol Stack
 802.16a --- OFDM 2-11Ghz
802.16b ---- OFDM 5Ghz
The PHY layer
QPSK – 2bits/baud 150Mbps
QAM16 – 4bits/baud 100Mbps
QAM64 – 6bits/baud 50Mbps (all for
25MHz bandwidth
802.16 protocol Stack
The PHY layer
FDD and TDD with asymmetry
Multiple MAC frames back to back in a single
PHY transmission(reduced preamble bits)
Using of hamming codes to do forward error
correction (unlike checksum)
802.16 protocol Stack
The MAC layer
Security Encryption
Provide Encryption
Only frame payloads are encrypted
MAC sublayer common part
Main protocol like management reside
BS control the system
Completely connection oriented
802.16 protocol Stack
The MAC layer
MAC sublayer common part
MAC frame contains number of PHY layer time
slots
Frames composed of sub-frames like upstream
and downstream maps
It shows what is in each frame and which are
free
802.16 protocol Stack
The MAC layer
 MAC sublayer common part
 4 classes of services
1. Constant bit rate service
uncompressed voice like T1, predetermined
amount of data at predetermined time
intervals, once the BW is allocated time slots
are automatically available, without the need
to ask for each one.
802.16 protocol Stack
The MAC layer
 MAC sublayer common part
 4 classes of services
2. Real Time variable bit rate service
compressed MM or other real time
applications, BW may vary, BS poll at fixed
intervals
3. Non-Real time variable bit rate service
heavy transmission like large file, polling but
not at fixed intervals
802.16 protocol Stack
The MAC layer
 MAC sublayer common part
 4 classes of services
3. Non-Real time variable bit rate service
constant BR customer can set a bit of its
frame requesting to poll (Req variable bit rate)
if station don’t respond to a poll for k-times in
a row, its placed in a multicast group, and
takes away its personal poll.
802.16 protocol Stack
The MAC layer
 MAC sublayer common part
 4 classes of services
4. Best Effort for everything else. No polling is done and
the subscriber must contend for bandwidth with other
best-efforts subscribers. Requests for bandwidth are
done in time slots marked in the upstream map as
available for contention. If a request is successful, its
success will be noted in the next downstream map. If
it is not successful, unsuccessful subscribers have to
try again later. To minimize collisions, the Ethernet
binary exponential backoff algorithm is used.
802.16 protocol Stack
2 types of bandwidth allocation
 Per-station  BS manages each station directly
 Per-connection  aggregated the needs of all
users in a building making a collective request
for them.
QoS in Next Generation
Networks
What is NGN?
 NGN is a packet based network that
provides a single network capable of
carrying any and all services.

 A user should be able to use the


services consistently across different
access networks regardless of their
types.
Attributes and Requirements of
NGN
 The underlying transport network of NGN is
unquestionably packet based
 The control infrastructure has to be
optimized in order to support broadband
multimedia services
 The architecture should be open, in order
to allow third party service providers.
 CPEs involved should be more sophisticated
than low-functionality phone in PSTN
Architecture
 Three major domain that constitute
NGN

 Service Domain
 Transport Domain
 Distributed Processing Environment
Domain
Architecture (2)
 Service Domain
 A service is defined as a software
application that provide a useful and
well-defined functionality to the users.
 Most prominent classes of services are
 Communication services
 Information / data services
 Education / entertainment services
 Management services
Architecture (3)
 Transport Domain
 Provide connectivity requested by the
service domain
 A service domain can initiate two types
of transport sessions
 Default transport session
 Customers access to the network
 Web browsing etc
 Enhanced transport session
 Support some combination of QoS guarantees,
policy and billing
Architecture (3)
 Distributed Processing Environment
 Provide a software infrastructure to
support the development and
deployment of distributed applications in
NGN
Other Issues
 QoS in NGN
 Handover issues in 4G / NGN
 Cognitive Radios

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