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Ne Regulation

This document summarizes gene regulation. It explains that genes are segments of DNA that encode functions and are organized into chromosomes. There are different types of genes like modifying, lethal, duplicate, and moveable genes. Gene regulation controls which genes are expressed in different cells and tissues. An operon is a cluster of genes that are regulated together, such as the lac and trp operons. The lac operon regulates lactose transport and metabolism while the trp operon regulates tryptophan production. Both operons use repressors that bind to operators to turn gene expression on or off depending on metabolite presence.

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Raunak Jalan
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58 views14 pages

Ne Regulation

This document summarizes gene regulation. It explains that genes are segments of DNA that encode functions and are organized into chromosomes. There are different types of genes like modifying, lethal, duplicate, and moveable genes. Gene regulation controls which genes are expressed in different cells and tissues. An operon is a cluster of genes that are regulated together, such as the lac and trp operons. The lac operon regulates lactose transport and metabolism while the trp operon regulates tryptophan production. Both operons use repressors that bind to operators to turn gene expression on or off depending on metabolite presence.

Uploaded by

Raunak Jalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gene Regulation

GENE

A gene is
a locus of DNA which is
made up of nucleotides and
is the molecular unit
of heredity.
A gene is a region
of DNA that encodes
function. A chromosome
consists of a long strand of
DNA containing many
genes.
Types of Genes

Modifying Lethal
Genes Genes

Types
of Duplicate
genes Genes
Moveable
Genes
Complementary Polymeric
Genes Genes
REGULATION

The adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.


GENE REGULATION

But they are not During


Virtually every development,
all switched on
cell in the body different cells
in every tissue.
contains a Each cell in the express different
complete set of body expresses sets of genes in a
genes only a small precisely
subset of genes regulated fashion
at any time
OPERON
Operon is a cluster of genes encoding related enzymes that are regulated together.
The term "operon" was first proposed in a short paper in the Proceedings of the
French Academy of Science in 1960.From this paper, the so-called general theory of
the operon was developed.

Combination of a promoter and a gene is called an operon.Operon concept was


given by two French scientists, Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod (1961).

Promoter:- The promoter is the gene segment that serves as


the initiation site where RNA polymerase binds to and initiates
the transcription of certain genes.
Operator:-The operator is the gene in which a repressor binds.
This results in the prevention of the RNA polymerase from
binding to it, thus, preventing the expression of certain genes in
the operon unit.
Structural genes:- Structural genes are those genes that control
the production of a protein that performs a structural role in cell.
INDUCIBLE OPERON & REPRESSIBLE OPERON

Inducible operons: Repressible operons:


Transcription is normally Transcription is normally
off (not taking place); on (taking place);
something must happen to something must happen to
induce transcription, or turn repress transcription, or turn
it on. it off.
Inducible Operon & Repressible Operon
Type of Operon Presence of Effect on operon Example
metabolite

Inducible Lactose ON Lac operon

Repressible Tryptophan OFF Trp operon


Lac Operon
The lac operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose.

t Promoter

Repressor operator.

structural
Regulator genes
Terminator
Lac Operon
lac z
(β-galactosidase)

Lac
operon
lac y lac a
(β-galactoside (β-galactoside
permease) transacetylase)
Trp Operon
 A group of genes that is used, or transcribed, together—
that codes for the components for production
of tryptophan.

This operon contains five structural genes: trp E, trp D,


trp C, trp B, and trp A, which encode tryptophan
synthetase
It also contains a repressive regulator gene called trp R.
trp R has a promoter where RNA polymerase binds and
synthesizes mRNA for a regulatory protein.

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