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What Is Class and Objects? A Class Is A Template For An Object and Object Is A Instance of A Class

A class is a template that defines the characteristics of an object. An object is an instance of a class. A class contains variables to store data and methods to perform actions. When an object is created using the new operator, memory is allocated and a constructor initializes the object. Classes can define public or private members and static methods.

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75 views13 pages

What Is Class and Objects? A Class Is A Template For An Object and Object Is A Instance of A Class

A class is a template that defines the characteristics of an object. An object is an instance of a class. A class contains variables to store data and methods to perform actions. When an object is created using the new operator, memory is allocated and a constructor initializes the object. Classes can define public or private members and static methods.

Uploaded by

sundhar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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what is class and objects?

A class is a template for an object


and object is a instance of a class
The General Form of a Class
A class is declared by use of the class keyword
• "A home is a house that has a family and a
pet.“
1. public class Home extends House {
2. Family inhabitants;
3. Pet thePet;
4. }
The General Form of a Class
class classname
{
type instance-variable1;
type instance-variable2;
// ...
type instance-variableN ;
type methodname1 (parameter-list)
{
// body of method
}
• The data, or variables, defined within a
class are called instance variables.
• The code is contained within methods.
• Collectively, the methods and variables
defined within a class are called members of
the class
• A Simple Class
class Box {
double width;
double height;
double depth;
}
Object creation
• The new operator dynamically allocates (that
is, allocates at run time) memory for an object
• Box mybox = new Box();
• // create a Box object called mybox
• That is instance of object
Introducing Methods
• classes usually consist of two things:
• instance variables and methods.
Adding a Method to the Box Class
class Box {
double width;
double height;
double depth;
// display volume of a box
void volume() {
System.out.print("Volume is ");
System.out.println(width * height * depth);
}
}
class BoxDemo3 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Box mybox1 = new Box();
Box mybox2 = new Box();
// assign values to mybox1's instance variables
mybox1.width = 10;
mybox1.height = 20;
mybox1.depth = 15;
/* assign different values to mybox2's
instance variables */
mybox2.width = 3;
mybox2.height = 6;
mybox2.depth = 9;
// display volume of first box
mybox1.volume();
// display volume of second box
mybox2.volume();
}
}
Return keyword
return value;
• Here,value is the value returned.
• double volume() {
return width * height * depth;
}
Adding a Method That Takes
Parameters
int square(int i)
{
return i * i;
}
Now,square( ) will return the square of whatever value it is called
with.
That is, square( ) is now a general-purpose method that can
compute the square of any integer value, rather than just 10.
Here is an example:
int x, y;
x = square(5); // x equals 25
x = square(9); // x equals 81
y = 2;
x = square(y); // x equals 4
Constructors
• It can be tedious to initialize all of the variables
in a class each time an instance is created.
• A constructor initializes an object immediately
upon creation. It has the same name as the
class in which it resides and is syntactically
similar to a method.
• Once defined, the constructor is automatically
called immediately after the object is created,
before the new operator completes.
Introducing Access Control
• Java’s access specifiers are public , private , and
protected . Java also defines a default access level.
• Protected applies only when inheritance is involved.
• When a member of a class is modified by the public
specifier, then that member can be accessed by any
other cod e.
• When a member of a class is specified as private ,
then that member can only be accessed by other
members of its class.
• Now you can understand why main( ) has always
been
• preceded by the public specifier.
Understanding static
• You can declare both methods and variables to be
static .
• The most common example of a static member is
main( ) . main( ) is declared as static because it
must be called before any objects exist.
• Methods declared as static have several
restrictions:
They can only call other static methods.
They must only access static data.
They cannot refer to this or super in any way

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