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Object Oriented Programming

This document discusses object-oriented programming and Java. It explains some key concepts of OOP like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and code reuse. It provides examples of how these concepts work, such as defining classes with fields and methods, creating objects, and subclasses extending and overriding methods of parent classes. The benefits of the OOP paradigm like modularity, extensibility and maintainability are highlighted.

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Dr.Mallikarjun Hangarge
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© © All Rights Reserved
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54 views

Object Oriented Programming

This document discusses object-oriented programming and Java. It explains some key concepts of OOP like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and code reuse. It provides examples of how these concepts work, such as defining classes with fields and methods, creating objects, and subclasses extending and overriding methods of parent classes. The benefits of the OOP paradigm like modularity, extensibility and maintainability are highlighted.

Uploaded by

Dr.Mallikarjun Hangarge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming

and Java

Dr. Mallikarjun Hangarage, Associate Professor


Department of Computer Science
Karanatak Arts Science and Commerece College, Bidar
1
Structured Programming
• Back in the "old days" we had Structured
Programming:
– data was separate from code.
– programmer is responsible for organizing
everything in to logical units of code/data.

2
OOP Facilitates
• Reusing the existing code
• Keep data near the significant code.
• Provide a nice wrapping mechanism for
related code.
• Model the world as objects.
• objects can send "messages" to each other.

3
An Object
• Collection of: real world entities such as
– object state, data members, instance variables.
– Methods
– Each object has it's own memory for
maintaining state
– All objects of the same type share code.

4
OOP Benefits
• Code re-use
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Dynamic binding
• And message communication

5
Code Re-Use
• nice packaging makes it easy to document/find
appropriate code.

• everyone uses the same basic method of


organizing code (object types).

• easy to re-use code instead of writing minor


variations of the same code multiple times
(inheritance).

6
Encapsulation
• Information Hiding.
• Implementation can change without
effecting any calling code.
• "keeps us from ourselves"

7
Inheritance
• Properties of one class may be shared with
another i.e. a code re-use issue.
– we can extend code that is already written in a
wide range.
• Inheritance is more, it supports
polymorphism at the language level!

8
Example of inheritance
• Employee: name, email, phone
– FulltimeEmployee:
also has salary, office, benefits, …

• A manager a special kind of FullTimeEmployee,


which is a special kind of Employee.

9
Polymorphism
• Generally, the ability to appear in many
forms. In object-oriented programming,
polymorphism refers to a programming
language's ability to process objects
differently depending on their data type or
class. More specifically, it is the ability to
redefine methods for derived classes.

10
Method Polymorphism
• The real power comes with
methods/behaviors.
• A better example:
– shape object types used by a drawing program.
– we want to be able to handle any kind of shape
someone wants to code (in the future).
– we want to be able to write code now that can
deal with shape objects (without knowing what
they are!).
11
Shapes
• Shape:
– color, layer fields

– draw() draw itself on the screen

– calcArea() calculates it's own area.

12
Java OOP
• Create new object type with class keyword.
• A class definition can contain:
– variables (fields)
– initialization code
– methods

13
class definition
class classname {
field declarations
{ initialization code }
Constructors
Methods
}

14
Creating an Object
• Defining a class does not create an object of
that class - this needs to happen explicitly:
classname varname = new classname();

• In general, an object must be created before


any methods can be called.

15
The class Object
• It is most important of all Java classes.

• All methods defined in the class Object are


available in every class.

• Any object can be cast as an Object.

16

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