Introduction to

Database Management

Basic Concepts and

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Data
 Facts in the form of text, graphics, images,
sound, and video segments that have meaning
in the users’ environment
 Ways of capturing data:
 Scanning (barcodes, images, etc)
 Keyboard (text)
 Mobile phones (images, sound, video segments)
 Digital cameras (images, sound)

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Database
 An organized collection of data items
related to some enterprise
 Can be centralized on one computer or
distributed over several computers that are
widely separated geographically
 Can be manual or computerized

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 May be of any size (up to several zettabytes and
yottabytes of data) and complexity
 Examples:
 Bank database
 Flight database
 Airplane manufacturing database
 School database
 Library database
 Department store database

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Information
 Data that have been processed in such a
way that it can increase the knowledge of
the person who uses it
 Some examples of processing that can be
useful for decision-making:
 Tallying
 Summarizing
 Grouping

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 Examples of information in document
form:
 Bank Statements
 Credit Card Reports
 Enrollment Summaries

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 Qualities of Information
 Accurate
 Verifiable
 Timely
 Organized
 Accessible
 Useful
 Cost-effective

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The importance of data and
information to a company
 data is used to generate information which
in turn is used for making decisions in the
company
 “Get the right information to the right
decision maker at the right time…”

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Take Note…

Information to some people might be

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Data Integrity
 Defines the quality of data
 The data in a database must have integrity
to produce correct information
 Erroneous data in a database loses
integrity (the more errors, the lower the
integrity)

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Hierarchy of Data
 Character
a combination of 8 bits or is equivalent to one
byte
 Example: ‘A’, ‘4’, ‘?’

 Field
a combination of one or more related
characters or bytes

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 Properties of a field:
 Name
 Size

 Data Type
 Text
 Numeric

 Currency

 Date/Time

 Boolean

 Hyperlink

 Memo
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 Record
A group of related fields
 Each record must have a key field (or primary
key) that uniquely identifies each record in a
table or file (cannot be duplicated)
 Example: Student ID number
 Table
A collection of related records

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An example of a table in MS Access.
Table Name: STUDENT
Each row represents a record.
The column headers represent the field names.

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Metadata
 Data that describe the properties or
characteristics of other data
 Some of the properties include data
definitions, data structures, and rules or
constraints

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Sample of Metadata
(Retrieved from POSITIVE PPT presentation)

Field Data Field Default Null Format

EmpName Text 50 N

EmpAddress Text 75 Manila N

EmpTelNo Text 13 Y \(02) 999-

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Data or Metadata?
 A dog’s name – data
 A dog’s name limited to 10 characters –
metadata
 A person’s gender – data
 A person’s age that is limited to the range
1-100 – metadata

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 Data is processed
in the CPU
OUTPUT

Database (stores
metadata)

Data (captured
INPUT through different
input devices)
Information

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Database Management System

 A software that allows convenient access

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 It allows users to:
 create an electronic database and its
corresponding tables
 add or insert data to the database tables
via input forms
 access data from the database tables then
modify or delete the said data
 access data from the database tables then
retrieve and process the said data to
produce information (or reports that can be
viewed on screen or printed out)
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 Examples:
 MS Access
 MS SQL Server
 Open Office Base
 IBM DB2
 Oracle
 MySQL

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END OF PRESENTATION

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