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    All About Wool

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    Sheep are grouped according to the type of wool they produce, from fine wool like Merino to coarse carpet wool like Karakul. Wool is judged based on characteristics like fiber diameter, crimp, yield, soundness and purity. Proper preparation of sheep before shearing includes sorting by wool type and cleaning pens to improve wool quality and yield.

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    All About Wool

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    api-400692183
    78 views31 pages
    Sheep are grouped according to the type of wool they produce, from fine wool like Merino to coarse carpet wool like Karakul. Wool is judged based on characteristics like fiber diameter, crimp, yield, soundness and purity. Proper preparation of sheep before shearing includes sorting by wool type and cleaning pens to improve wool quality and yield.

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    Sheep are grouped according to the type of wool they produce, from fine wool like Merino to coarse carpet wool like Karakul. Wool is judged based on characteristics like fiber diameter, crimp, yield, soundness and purity. Proper preparation of sheep before shearing includes sorting by wool type and cleaning pens to improve wool quality and yield.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    78 views31 pages

    All About Wool

    Uploaded by

    api-400692183
    Sheep are grouped according to the type of wool they produce, from fine wool like Merino to coarse carpet wool like Karakul. Wool is judged based on characteristics like fiber diameter, crimp, yield, soundness and purity. Proper preparation of sheep before shearing includes sorting by wool type and cleaning pens to improve wool quality and yield.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    CLASS-VII

    SUBJECT - SCIENCE
    Sheep vary considerably in the
    type of wool they produce.

    Fine wool from Merino Carpet wool from a Karakul

    One type of wool is not better than the other. They just have different uses.
    Breeds of sheep are grouped according
    to the type of wool they grow.

    • Fine
    Rambouillet, Merino
    • Crossbred (fine x medium)
    Targhee, Corriedale, Columbia
    • Medium (fine x long)
    Suffolk, Hampshire, Dorset, Cheviot,
    Montadale, Southdown, Shropshire,
    Tunis, Polypay
    • Long (coarse)
    Romney, Border Leicester, Lincoln,
    Cotswold
    • Carpet (double-coated)
    Scottish Blackface, Karakul, Icelandic
    • Hair (shedding) - not sheared
    Katahdin, Dorper, Barbado

    Rambouillet (fine wool) sheep


    Fleece
    The wool from one sheep.
    Sheared off in one piece.

    Grease or raw wool is wool as


    it is shorn from the sheep.
    Clip
    The amount of wool shorn from
    the sheep in one flock.
    Fineness – fiber diameter

    Thickness of the wool fiber


    Measured in microns (one millionth of a meter - µ)
    Fiber diameter
    Short, dirty

     Coarser

     Coarser
    Britch
    Breech
    (hairy) 

    Short, dirty, kinky

    Polypay
    • The numerical count system divides all wools in 14 grades, each
    designated by a number that classifies wool by fiber diameter.
    • Numbers range from 80s for the finest wool to 36s for the coarsest.
    • The count refers to the hanks of yarn, each 560 yards long, which can be
    spun from 1 pound of wool top.
    • A 64s wool yields 35,840 yards (560 times 64) of yarn from 1 pound of 64s
    top.

    • The micron system - measures the average diameter of the wool fiber. The
    micron (1/25,400 inch) is the actual average diameter measurement

    • The blood system divides all wool, from finest to coarsest, into six market
    grades: fine 1/2 blood, 3/8s blood, 1/4 blood, low 1/4 blood, common and
    braid
    • Originally, these names referred to the fraction of Merino blood in the sheep
    that produced the wool.
    Wool value
    • Determined by suitability for specific uses.
    • Average fiber diameter
    – most important
    – standard deviation also important
    Wool value
    • Staple strength
    • Color
    • Crimp
    – inversely related to fiber diameter
    Crimp
    The natural curl or waviness in the wool fiber.

    Fine wool usually has more crimp per inch than coarse (long) wool.
    Staple
    Refers to the length of a (unstretched) lock of shorn wool.

    Long, coarse

    Medium Coarse wools


    are usually
    longer than finer
    wools.

    Fine
    Tag
    Wool that has manure attached to it.
    Skirting
    Removing the stained, unusable, or undesirable
    portions of a fleece (bellies, top knots, tags).

    Show fleeces and


    other high value
    fleeces should be
    skirted at the time of
    shearing.
    Wool judging
    Wool judging score card
    Characteristic Points
    Estimated clean yield 35
    Length 25
    Quality or fineness 10
    Soundness (strength) 10
    Purity 10
    Character and color 10
    Total points 100

    You will judge “like” (same type or grade) kinds of wool.


    Yield
    The amount of clean wool that remains after
    scouring. Expressed as a percentage.

    Wool yield is quite


    variable: 40 to 70%.

    Long wools have higher


    yields than fine wools,
    due to less grease.

    Bulky fleeces have


    higher yields.

    Clean wool yield = Raw wool – shrinkage (VM, grease, impurities)


    Quality or fineness

    Appropriate grade for breed or type.


    Look for uniformity of grade (fineness).
    Finer wools are permitted less variability.
    Soundness (strength)
    Tender wool is wool that is weak and/or
    breaks due to poor nutrition or sickness.

    This wool does not have a break or tender spot.


    Purity
    Freedom from pigmented fibers, hair and kemp.

    Black fiber/hairs
    Hair
    Kemp

    From a hair sheep The commercial wool


    market favors white
    wool that can be dyed
    any color.
    Character
    General appearance of a fleece:
    crimp, handle, and color.
    Weathered tips
    Affects dyeing

    “Tippy” wool
    Preparation of the sheep
    • Do not shear wet sheep.
    • Pen animals in clean pens at least 4 hours
    prior to shearing
    • Hold off feed and water for at least 4 h.
    Preparation of the sheep
    • Separate sheep according to:
    • wool type
    • fiber diameter
    • fiber length and style
    • Black and spotted sheep
    • Different breeds
    • Grades of wool
    Preparation of the sheep
    • Lambs and weanlings
    • One year old sheep (if shorn previously)
    • New sheep
    • Sick and diseased sheep
    • Older sheep

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