K22 - Senior - Medical Nutritional Therapy For Stroke
K22 - Senior - Medical Nutritional Therapy For Stroke
K22 - Senior - Medical Nutritional Therapy For Stroke
STROKE
Nutrition Department
Medical Faculty of Sumatera Utara University
Brain and Mind System
2015
Stroke
Stroke effects in nutrition problem
Symptom that affecting nutrition therapy depend
on the area brain affected
Severe neurologic impairements often compromise
the mechamisms and cognitive abilities needed
adequate nourishment
Risk factor for stroke
The most significant risk factor: old age
Modifiable risk factor:
Hypertension
Smoking
Obesity
Coronary heart disesase
Diabetes
Physical inactivity
Genetic
Changing lifestyle
Healthy food or
high CVD risk food
Nutrition-related factors
BMI > 27 kg/m2 in women
Weight gain > 11 kg over 16 years in women
Waist to hip ratio > 0.92 in men
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cholesterol
Protective factors for stroke
Total dietary fat (20-25%)
Daily consumption of fresh fruit (fiber and
antioxidant)
Flavonoid consumption (antioxidant)
Fish consumption (omega-3)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for
prevention
Primary prevention cornerstone for managing
stroke
Prevention including lifestyle behaviour
NCEP ATP III updated:
Healthylifestyle habits
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
Healthy lifestyle habit
Healthy weight (BMI<25 kg/m2)
Saturated fat intake < 10% calories
Vegetables intake of at least 3 servings/day with at
least 1/3 dark green or orange
Fruit intake of at least 2 servings/day
Grain intake of at least 6 servings/day with at least
1/3 whole grain
Smoking cessation by adult smokers
Regular physical activity of moderate intensity
Macronutrient recommendations
(Therapeutic lifestyle changes)
Hemiparesis aspiration
Patient sit as upright (at a 90- degree angel) as
possible
If the patient must be in bed during mealtime, pillow
can be used to bank and support the paretic side
Hemianopsia
A patient may eat only half of the contents of a meal
because the patient recognizes only half of it
Need assistance during the mealtime
Apraxia Need demonstration and assistance
action to practice
Problem 2. The oral process
Dysphagia
Symptom:
drooling, choking, or coughing during or following meals
Inability to suck from a straw
Level 3
Problem 3. Swallowing
Esophageal phase
1. Oral phase:
food in mouth saliva chewed bolusswallowing
Intracranial damage and weakened lip muscles hard to
complete this phase
Facial weakness food can become pocketed in the
buccal recesses
2. Pharyngeal phase:
Bolus
is propelled past the faucial arches
Symptoms of poor coordination during this phase include
gagging, choking, and nasopharingeal regurgitation
3. Esophageal phase :
Bolusthrough the esophagus into the stomach
Problems: impaired peristalsis caused by brainstem infarct
Problem 4. Liquids