Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 435 views

    Space Debris Seminar

    Uploaded by

    Anshul Khandelwal
    The document discusses space debris, including: - Types of space debris like unused satellites and rocket stages. - Categories of debris by size from <1cm to >10cm. - Over 50 years, about 5,000 rockets launched placing over 6,000 satellites in orbit, with about 1,000 active today. - Orbit types including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit. - Tracking and measurement of debris using optical, radar, and laser detection methods. - Mitigation approaches like tug satellites, electrodynamic tethers, solar sails, and collector satellites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Space Debris Seminar

    Uploaded by

    Anshul Khandelwal
    435 views40 pages
    The document discusses space debris, including: - Types of space debris like unused satellites and rocket stages. - Categories of debris by size from <1cm to >10cm. - Over 50 years, about 5,000 rockets launched placing over 6,000 satellites in orbit, with about 1,000 active today. - Orbit types including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit. - Tracking and measurement of debris using optical, radar, and laser detection methods. - Mitigation approaches like tug satellites, electrodynamic tethers, solar sails, and collector satellites.

    Original Title

    space debris seminar.pptx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses space debris, including: - Types of space debris like unused satellites and rocket stages. - Categories of debris by size from <1cm to >10cm. - Over 50 years, about 5,000 rockets launched placing over 6,000 satellites in orbit, with about 1,000 active today. - Orbit types including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit. - Tracking and measurement of debris using optical, radar, and laser detection methods. - Mitigation approaches like tug satellites, electrodynamic tethers, solar sails, and collector satellites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    435 views40 pages

    Space Debris Seminar

    Uploaded by

    Anshul Khandelwal
    The document discusses space debris, including: - Types of space debris like unused satellites and rocket stages. - Categories of debris by size from <1cm to >10cm. - Over 50 years, about 5,000 rockets launched placing over 6,000 satellites in orbit, with about 1,000 active today. - Orbit types including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit. - Tracking and measurement of debris using optical, radar, and laser detection methods. - Mitigation approaches like tug satellites, electrodynamic tethers, solar sails, and collector satellites.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 40
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that space debris poses a serious threat to satellites and space missions due to collisions. It includes defunct objects in space from old satellites, rocket stages, and fragments from explosions and collisions. Efforts are ongoing to track, measure, and mitigate the growth of space debris through removal techniques.

    The document categorizes space debris into three categories based on size - Category I (<1cm), Category II (1-10cm), and Category III (>10cm). Category I can damage vulnerable satellite parts, Category II can seriously damage or destroy satellites, and Category III can completely destroy satellites.

    Some of the modules used to track and measure space debris mentioned are the LDEF (Long Duration Exposure Facility) satellite, EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier), STS-61 Endeavour, and STS-109 Columbia.

    Outline

    • Introduction
    • Types of Orbits
    • Sources of Debris
    • Tracking and Measurement
    of Debris.
    • Mitigation of Space Debris.
    • Conclusion.

    Source: www.universetoday.com
    Space Debris
    Space Debris

    Defunct objects in space


    • Unused satellites & rocket stages
    • Fragments from explosions &
    collisions
    • Released object (tools etc.)
    • Slag of solid-fueled rockets
    • … and other sources of small
    particles

    Source:www.esa.int
    Categorization :
    • Category I (<1cm) - They can make significant damage to
    vulnerable parts of a satellite.

    • Category II (1-10cm) - They tend to seriously damage or destroy a


    satellite in a collision.

    • Category III (>10cm) – They may completely destroy a satellite in a


    collision and can be tracked easily.
    About 50 Years of Space Flight

    • Almost 5,000 rockets launched

    • More than 6,000 satellites placed in orbit

    • About 1,000 active satellites today


    (that’s 7% of known objects in orbit)
    TYPES OF ORBIT
    • Low Earth Orbit.
    • Medium Earth Orbit.
    • Geostationary Orbit.
    • High Earth Orbit.
    Lower Orbit
    300 – 2000 km

    Geostationary Orbit
    ≈36,000 km
    Space Debris

    February 2009:
    Collision
    Iridium-33 &
    Kosmos-2251

    January 2007:
    FengYun-1C

    SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Chinese_anti-satellite_missile_test
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_satellite_collision
    Space Debris

    Fengyun-1C debris one month Iridium-33 & Kosmos-2251:


    after its disintegration Debris fields after 50 minutes

    Source:en.wikipedia.org Source:en.Wikipedia.org
    16,300 Objects in Catalogue

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    29,000 Objects Larger than 10 cm

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    750,000 Objects Larger than 1 cm

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    150M Objects Larger than 1 mm

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    Impact
    Laboratory Impact Aluminum Sphere / Block

    SOURCE:www.techinasia.com
    Impact
    Real Debris Object on a Satellite Solar Panel

    SOURCE:www.esa.int
    Distribution of Space Debris

    Many Earth Observation


    Satellites (e.g., Envisat)

    TerraSAR-X
    ISS

    Source: NASA Orbital Debris Quarterly News 2/2012


    ttps://twitter.com/Space_Station/status/621646793571479556
    http://rbth.com/news/2015/07/26/iss_successfully_ducks_from_space_debris_48023.html
    Detecting Space Debris

    Optical Radar Laser

    Sources: FhG FHR, AIUB, ESA


    TRACKING AND MEASUREMENT
    OF SPACE DEBRIS
    Tracking of Space Debris-

    Radio waves have been recently used. These waves are


    transmitted into space and they bounce off of space junk back to
    the origin that will detect and track the object.
    Some of the modules used were:
    LDEF(Long Duration Exposure Facility) satellite
    EURECA(European Retrievable Carrier)
    Operational Collision Avoidance
    Global network for monitoring the geostationary ring

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    Object Identification with Optical Measurements

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    Mitigation of Space Debris
    “CLEARANCE OF SPACE DEBRIS”
    DIFFERENT METHODS

    • Tug-like satellites
    • Electro dynamic tethers
    • LASER beam
    • Solar Sail
    • Collectors

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    Tug- like satellite

    • The tug like satellites drag the debris to a safe altitude in


    order for it to burn up in the atmosphere .

    • It creates an electron emission to create a difference in


    potential between the debris as negative and itself as
    positive .

    • The satellite then uses its own thrusters to propel itself


    along with the debris to a safer orbit .
    ELECTRO DYNAMIC TETHERS

    • One of the latest


    developments in the space
    junk removal program is
    that of the introduction of
    the electrodynamics tether.
    • This is a conducting wire
    i.e., several tens of
    kilometers in length and is
    controlled by a spacecraft.
    LASER BEAM

    • By using a highly intense laser beam we can slow down


    the debris thereby allowing it to reenter earth’s
    atmosphere.
    • With continued application the debris will eventually
    decrease their altitude enough to become subject to
    atmospheric drag.

    • Mainly the LASER based techniques are two types.


    1. Ground based LASER technique.
    2. Space based LASER technique.
    SOLAR SAIL

    • The solar sail uses the


    pressure from sunlight to
    navigate an object, just like a
    naval sail uses wind.

    • This way debris can be


    navigated out of orbit and
    burn into atmosphere

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    COLLECTOR SATELLITE

    • The most commonly used


    collector satellite is the
    Sling Sat.
    • It has two extended arms
    which collect the debris as
    it is in motion.

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    IMPLEMENTATION

    • Tether was launched on Feb


    28,2014 as a secondary
    payload aboard an H-2A
    rocket.
    • CLEANSPACE is a 3 year
    project, began on 1st June
    2011
    • NASA tested LASER broom
    capable of removing Debris in
    the path of ISS on the space
    shuttle mission in 2003.
    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    Contd…

    • An early prototype of L’Garde


    solar sail is evaluated at the
    NASA in November 2014.

    • TAMU Space sweeper with


    Sling-sat was developed by
    scientists at Texas A&M.

    SOLAR SAIL

    SOURCE: en.Wikipedia.org
    CONCLUSION

    More Research and development


    Guidelines by IADC- Inter Agency Space Debris
    Coordination Committee
    Implementation.
    References-:

    • Andrew M. Bradley , Lawrence M. Wein Space Debris:Assessing risk


    and responsibility 0273-1177,2009.
    • King-hele, D. Theory of Satellite Orbits in an Atmosphere. Blackie,
    Glascow and London, 1964.
    • Prasad, M.Y.S. Technical and legl issues surrounding space debris –
    India’s position in the UN. Space Policy 21, 243-249, 2005.
    • Perman, R., Ma, Y., McGilvray, J., Common, M. Natural Resource and
    Environmental Economics, third ed Pearson Education Ltd. Harlow,
    UK, 2003.
    Thank You!

    Questions?
    Measurement of Space Debris

    • Returned hardware of space debris is a valuable source of


    information of the environment .
    • Close examination of its surfaces allows an analysis of the
    directional distribution and composition of the debris flux .
    • Some of the modules used were :
    • LDEF (Long duration exposure facility ) satellite
    • EURECA ( European Retrievable carrier )
    • STS-61 Endeavour
    • STS-109 Columbia

    You might also like