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Introduction To LINUX: By, Ranjini HK

This document provides an introduction to Linux, including what Linux is, the key differences between Linux and Windows, common Linux commands, the VIM text editor, and applications of Linux. Linux is an open-source version of UNIX that provides users with a free or low-cost operating system. It offers full access, a command line interface, centralized application installation, and better security compared to Windows. The document outlines many basic Linux commands like ls, cd, pwd and their functions. It also describes the two modes and text entry/exit commands of the VIM text editor. Finally, it lists several categories of applications that can run on Linux systems, such as administration, multimedia, networking, and development tools.

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Agathoor Rajasekar
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54 views17 pages

Introduction To LINUX: By, Ranjini HK

This document provides an introduction to Linux, including what Linux is, the key differences between Linux and Windows, common Linux commands, the VIM text editor, and applications of Linux. Linux is an open-source version of UNIX that provides users with a free or low-cost operating system. It offers full access, a command line interface, centralized application installation, and better security compared to Windows. The document outlines many basic Linux commands like ls, cd, pwd and their functions. It also describes the two modes and text entry/exit commands of the VIM text editor. Finally, it lists several categories of applications that can run on Linux systems, such as administration, multimedia, networking, and development tools.

Uploaded by

Agathoor Rajasekar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to LINUX

By,
Ranjini HK
Contents
• What is Linux?
• Difference between Linux & Windows.
• Commands
• VIM editor
• Applications of Linux
What is Linux?
• Is a Unix-like operating system.
• An open-source version of the UNIX operating
system.
• designed to provide personal computer users
a free or very low-cost operating system.
• very efficient and fast-performing system.
Some difference between Linux & Windows

• full access vs. no access.


• Command line vs. no command line.
• Centralized vs. non centralized application
installation.
• Better network, processing capabilities.
• Proven Security.
commands
• / :root directory
• ./ :current directory
• ../ :parent directory
• ~ : Home directory
• $ :typical prompt when logged in as ordinary user
• # :typical prompt when logged in as root or superuser
• ! :repeats specified command
• !! :repeats previous command
• ^^ : repeats previous command with substitution
• & :run a program in background mode
• [tab][tab] :prints a list of all variable commands
Commands
• Pwd :
pwd [-LP]
• mkdir :
mkdir [Options] folder...
mkdir "Name with spaces“
• mv :
mv [options]... Source Dest
mv [options]... Source... Directory
• cd :
cd [Options] [Directory]
• rmdir :
rmdir [options]... folder(s)...
Contd…

• ls :
ls [Options]... [File]…
• cat :
cat [Options] [File]...
• cmp :
cmp options... FromFile [ToFile]
comm :
comm [options]... File1 File2
• cp :
cp [options]... Source Dest
cp [options]... Source... Directory
• sdiff :
sdiff -o outfile [options] from-file to-file
Contd…
• ehco :
echo [options]... [string]...
• for :
for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) ; do commands ; done
• while :
while test-commands; do consequent-commands; done
• head :
head [options]... [file]...
head -50 file.txt | tail -10
• which :
which [options] [--] program_name [...]
whereis :
whereis [options] files
• locate :
locate [options] pattern
• ps :
Contd…
• df :
df [option]... [file]...
• du :
du [options]... [file]...
• sort :
sort [options] [file...]
• csplit :
csplit [options]... INPUT PATTERN...
• fold :
fold [options]... [FILE]...
• join :
join [Options]... File1 File2
• alias :
alias [-p] [name[=value] ...]
unalias [-a] [name ... ]
Contd…
• aspell :
aspell check [options] filename
• break :
break [n]
• case :
case word in [ [(] pattern [| pattern]...) command-list ;;]... esac
• chgrp :
chgrp [Options]... {Group | --reference=File} File...
• chmod :
chmod [Options]... Mode [,Mode]... file...
chmod [Options]... Numeric_Mode file...
• chown :.
chown [Options]... NewOwner File...
chown [Options]... :Group File...
• cksum :
cksum [Option]... [File]...
Contd…
• continue :
continue [n]
• cut:
cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...
• dd :
dd [Options]
• declare :
declare [-afFrxi] [-p] [name[=value]]
• enable :
enable [-n] [-p] [-f filename] [-ads] [name ...]
• expr :.
expr expression...
• fgrep :
fgrep <options> ...
• grep :
grep <options> "Search String" [filename]
Contd…
• groups :
groups [username]...
• gzip :.
gzip options ...
• install :
install [options]... SOURCE DEST
install [options]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
install -d [options]... DIRECTORY...
• jobs :
Jobs [OPTIONS] [PID]
• let :
let expression [expression]
• ln :
ln [Options]... target [Linkname]
ln [Options]... target... Directory
Contd…
• logname
• man/info.help
• notify-send
• passwd :
passwd [options...]
• printf :
printf format [argument]...
• pushd :
pushd [dir | +N | -N] [-n]
• popd :
popd [+N | -N] [-n]
• return :
return [n]
• test :
test expr
[ expr
Contd…
• touch :
touch [options]... File...
• uname :
uname [options]
• until :
until test-commands; do consequent-commands; done
• useradd :
useradd [options] [user]
• usermod :
usermod [options] [user]
• wc :
wc [options]... [file]...
• write :
write user [ttyname]
VIM editor
• Two modes : command mode
insert mode
• Text Entry Commands (Used to start text entry)
a -Append text following current cursor position
A -Append text to the end of current line
i -Insert text before the current cursor position
I -Insert text at the beginning of the cursor line
o -Open up a new line following the current line and add text there
O -Open up a new line in front of the current line and add text there
• Exit Commands
:wq -Write file to disk and quit the edit or
:q! -Quit (no warning)
:q -Quit (a warning is printed if a modified file has not been saved)
ZZ -Save workspace and quit the editor (same as :wq)
Applications
• Administration.
• Multimedia.
• System.
• Graphics.
• Networking.
• Office.
• Communication.
• Entertainment.
• GUI.
• Scientific.
• Daemons.
• Development tools.
Thank you.

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