Let’s examine the electrical

panel and the components

of the electrical system. The DC Generator Control
push button: selects or FAULT
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
STBY BUS
BUS INV
de-selects the generator. OFF
BUS INV
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT

INV 1
O
V
R
U
N
D INV 2
The FAULT light will illuminate amber
if the Generator Control Unit senses
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF
a protection fault and trips the
ON

OVRD
generator off-line for:
1. Over/Under voltage
BAT

EMER BAT MAIN BAT

CHG CHG

FAULT
OFF 0
FAULT
OFF
2. Under-speed
3. Generator Overload
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2

DC BUS
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS
4. Sensing a differential fault current.
OFF BAT SEL OFF

For a fault associated with an under-speed,

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL reset will be automatic if Nh increases
DC GEN 1
SHED
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2
to above 61.5%.
FAULT
OFF X START
FAIL
AVAIL
ON
FAULT
OFF For anything else, a manual reset is
necessary. ON then OFF.
 EMERGENCY SUPPLY ARROWS:
The left and right amber arrows illuminate
any time the Emergency and Main
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
batteries respectively are isolated from
STBY BUS
BUS INV
OFF FAULT
BUS INV
OFF FAULT the charging cycle.
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF

ON
Both arrows will illuminate at the
BAT
OVRD initiation of a start cycle and will
EMER BAT
CHG
MAIN BAT
CHG extinguish at 45% Nh. This denotes
FAULT
OFF 0
FAULT
OFF
isolation and protection during the start
cycle.
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS: OFF

AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
The DC SVCE/UTLY bus push button
BUS INV
STBY BUS
BUS INV
controls the utility and service buses.
The amber SHED light will illuminate
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2

when either of the utility buses have

D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF
been shed it does not monitor the
ON

OVRD
status of the Service bus..
BAT

* When the Service Bus is being powered

EMER BAT MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT
OFF
1
0
1
OFF from DC Bus #1, the master switch is
DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2 the DC SVCE/UTLY push button.
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

EMERG MAIN BTC * When the Service Bus is being powered

DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
SHED from external power, the master switch
ISOL

SHED
is on the flight attendant panel.
DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT
X START
AVAIL FAULT If de-selected, the OFF light will
OFF OFF
illuminate.
ON
FAIL
 SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS: OFF

AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
The DC SVCE/UTLY bus push button
BUS INV
STBY BUS
BUS INV
controls the utility and service buses.
The amber SHED light will illuminate
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2

when either of the utility buses have

D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF
been shed it does not monitor the
ON

OVRD
status of the Service bus..
* A clue to determine which utility bus
BAT

EMER BAT MAIN BAT

CHG CHG

FAULT
OFF
FAULT
OFF
is shed, is by checking the recirculation
0
1 1
fans. The fan that is not running
DC BUS 1 DC BUS 2
2 DCH
DC

CH
2 indicates the shed bus.
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 DC Bus OFF light: DC BUS
OFF
ENG 1 ENG 2
FIRE
AC BUS 1
FIRE
AC BUS 2
The DC BUS OFF light will illuminate
CONFIG
LDG
STBYGEAR
BUS EXCESS when power to the associated DC
BUS INV NOT DOWN BUSCAB
INVALT
OFF FAULT
O
V
U
N
OFF FAULT
Bus is lost.
INV 1 D INV 2
ENG 1 OIL PITCH
R
D /
V
ENG 2 OIL

EMERDISCONNECT
FLAPS UNLK BUS ESS BUS NAC OVHT When DC Bus #2 Fails, a single chime
OFF
sounds with an associated amber ELEC
ELEC SMK FWD SMK AFT SMK
ON

BAT
OVRD light on the Crew Alerting Panel (CAP).
EMER BAT
PROP BRK MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT
HYD LOOP FAULT
OXY
Additional lights including:
OFF 0 OFF
1 1
FUEL ANTI ICING AIR
DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
DOOR
2 DCH
ENGCH
2
ELEC BUS INV
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF
Inverter Fault OFF FAULT
AUDIO WHEELS MAIN
EMERG FLT CTL
BTC

SHED COMP
FAULT
IDLE GATE GPWS FAULT EFIS
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL DC Generator FAULT
PRKG BRK CCAS
SHED MAINT PNL
DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

SHED
RCL
FAULT
CLR TOFAULT
AVAIL

DC SVCE/UTLY Bus SHED

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
INHI
 DC Bus OFF light: DC BUS
OFF
ENG 1 ENG 2
FIRE
AC BUS 1
FIRE
AC BUS 2
If DC Bus #1 fails, no aural alert will
CONFIG
LDG
STBYGEAR
BUS EXCESS be heard since the digital portion
BUS INV NOT DOWN BUSCAB
INV ALT
OFF FAULT
O
V
U
N
OFF FAULT
of the CCAS is wired to the #1 Bus.
INV 1 D INV 2
ENG 1 OIL PITCH
R
D /
V
ENG 2 OIL

EMERDISCONNECT
FLAPS UNLK BUS ESS BUS NAC OVHT If this occurs, an amber CCAS light will
OFF
illuminate showing a loss of power for
ELEC SMK FWD SMK AFT SMK
ON

BAT
OVRD the level 2 alerts.
EMER BAT
PROP BRK MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT
HYD LOOP FAULT
OXY
OFF 0 OFF
1 1
FUEL ANTI ICING AIR
DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
2 DCH 2
DOOR ENG CH
ELEC
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF
AUDIO WHEELS MAIN
EMERG FLT CTL
BTC

IDLE GATE GPWS FAULT SHED COMP

EFIS
Only the local alerts will be available.
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

PRKG BRK CCAS

SHED MAINT PNL
DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT
OFF
RCL CLR
X START
AVAIL
ON
TOFAULT
OFF
FAIL
INHI
 X START
X START FAIL light: FAIL

ENG 1 ENG 2
FIRE
AC BUS 1
FIRE
AC BUS 2
The X START FAIL light will illuminate
CONFIG
LDG
STBYGEAR
BUS EXCESS during the start cycle.
BUS INV NOT DOWN BUSCAB
INVALT
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT

INV 1
ENG 1 OIL
O
V
R
U
N
D
ENG 2 OIL
INV 2 * When the second engine is being
PITCHD /

started, at 10% Nh, the operating

V

EMERDISCONNECT
FLAPS UNLK BUS ESS BUS NAC OVHT
OFF generator will be connected to the start
ELEC SMK FWD SMK AFT SMK
ON

OVRD
bus via its start contactor. This
EMER BAT
CHG
PROP BRK
BAT

MAIN BAT
CHG
connection will assist the battery in the
FAULT
HYD LOOP FAULT
OXY start process and will continue until
the completion of the start cycle
OFF 0 OFF
1 1
FUEL ANTI ICING AIR
DC BUS 1
2 DCH
DC
2
DC BUS 2
(45% Nh).
DOOR ENGCH ELEC
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF
AUDIO WHEELS MAIN
EMERG FLT CTL
BTC * If the generator does not assist in the
IDLE GATE GPWS FAULT
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
SHED COMP
EFIS
ISOL
start process, a single chime will be
PRKG BRK CCAS
SHED MAINT PNL heard and an amber ELEC light will
illuminate on the CAP.
DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT
OFF
RCL CLR
X START
AVAIL
ON
TOFAULT
OFF
FAIL
INHI
 X START
X START FAIL light: FAIL

ENG 1 ENG 2
FIRE
AC BUS 1
FIRE
AC BUS 2
The X START FAIL light along with
CONFIG
LDG
STBYGEAR
BUS EXCESS the CCAS alert will extinguish
BUS INV NOT DOWN BUSCAB
INVALT
OFF FAULT
O
V
U
N
OFF FAULT
at the completion of the start cycle.
INV 1 D INV 2
ENG 1 OIL PITCH
R
D /
V
ENG 2 OIL

EMERDISCONNECT
FLAPS UNLK BUS ESS BUS NAC OVHT
OFF

ELEC SMK FWD SMK AFT SMK

ON

OVRD
BAT

EMER BAT
PROP BRK MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT
HYD LOOP FAULT
OXY
OFF 0 OFF 60
1 1
FUEL ANTI ICING AIR 40 80
DC BUS 1 DC BUS 2
2 DCH
DC
2 Nh 100
DOOR ENGCH ELEC
DC BUS DC BUS 20
OFF BAT SEL OFF
AUDIO WHEELS MAIN
EMERG FLT CTL
BTC

IDLE GATE GPWS FAULT SHED COMP

EFIS %
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL 0
PRKG BRK
DC GEN 1
CCAS
SHED
OFF
MAINT PNL
EXT PWR DC GEN 2
92.3
45.0
FAULT
OFF
RCL CLR
X START
AVAIL
ON
TOFAULT
OFF
FAIL
INHI
 EXTERNAL POWER:
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
The Bus Protection Control Unit provides
BUS INV
STBY BUS
BUS INV
for the following:
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U
V N
INV 1 INV 2
1. Undervoltage (< 24.5 v)
R D
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS AVAIL

OFF

ON 2. Overvoltage (> 33.5 v) ON

OVRD
BAT

EMER BAT
CHG
MAIN BAT
CHG 3. Correct Polarity
FAULT
OFF 0
FAULT
OFF
(Negative Common Ground)
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2 4. Excessive Current (> 1450 Amps
during the start.
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

If the BPCU checks the external power

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL and finds it acceptable, then a green
DC GEN 1
SHED
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2
AVAIL light is illuminated.
FAULT AVAIL FAULT
OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 EXTERNAL POWER:
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2 When the push button is depressed and
BUS INV
STBY BUS
BUS INV
commanded on, a blue ON light will
appear.
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS AVAIL

OFF

ON
ON
BAT
OVRD
Things To Remember:
EMER BAT MAIN BAT
CHG

FAULT
CHG

FAULT
The Battery Switch must be selected
OFF
1
0
1
OFF
on in order for the BPCU to operate.
DC BUS 1
2 DCH
DC
2
DC BUS 2 This means that a dead battery can not
be charged from the GPU.
CH

DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 Things To Remember:
The Ground Power Unit (GPU) must be
capable of providing a constant current
rating of 300 to 400 amps at 28 to 32
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
volts.
STBY BUS
BUS INV BUS INV

INV 1
OFF FAULT
O
V
U
N
D
OFF FAULT

INV 2
During the start, the GPU must be able
to provide for an additional 1000 amps
R
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF
while always maintaining a minimum of
ON 12 volts.
OVRD

EMER BAT
BAT

MAIN BAT
Prior to selecting the external power “ON”
check the current and amps on the
CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT

gauges located on the Captain’s Maint.

OFF 0 OFF
1 1

DC BUS 1
2 DCH
DC

CH
2
DC BUS 2
Panel. If the rating is below 28 volts, then
DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL
DC BUS
OFF the following equipment should be
EMERG MAIN BTC
selected off.
SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

SHED
Pack Valves 120 amp reduction
DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2
Fuel Pumps 20 amp reduction
Recirc Fans 32 amp reduction
FAULT AVAIL FAULT
OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL

Upper Pass. Lighting 23 amp reduction

 Things To Remember:
If the GPU indicates at least 26 volts, the
GPU can be used for all functions except
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2 starting.
STBY BUS
The GPU should be selected “OFF” prior
BUS INV BUS INV
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U

to starting, otherwise the External Power

V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS Contactor (EPC) will open automatically

OFF

ON
during the start.
OVRD
BAT

* If the GPU voltage is less than 26 volts,

EMER BAT MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT
OFF
1
0
1
OFF the GPU is not usable for any purpose.
DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF OFF
Clue for line flying:
BAT SEL

EMERG MAIN BTC

DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
SHED If the supply arrows are flashing and
you hear relays clicking. Check the
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2
voltage and have ground personnel turn
FAULT
OFF X START
FAIL
AVAIL
ON
FAULT
OFF
up the voltage of the GPU.
 SHED
ISOL

The Bus Tie Contactor:

AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
The Bus Tie Contactor switch controls the
STBY BUS
BUS INV
OFF FAULT
BUS INV
OFF FAULT manual isolation of both AC and DC
Bus Tie Relays.
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF
The Bus Tie Relays are independent for
ON

OVRD
both AC and DC systems. They are free
EMER BAT
BAT

MAIN BAT
to operate separately but can both be
commanded open from a common
CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT

isolation push button.

OFF 0 OFF
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2

The Bus Tie Relay functions to provide

2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF OFF
power to both sides of the electrical
BAT SEL

EMERG MAIN BTC

DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
SHED system in the event of failure of one
DC Generator or during ground
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2 operations where power is being supplied
FAULT
OFF X START
AVAIL
ON
FAULT
OFF
by the GPU.
FAIL
 SHED
ISOL

The Bus Tie Contactor:

AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
STBY BUS
The BPCU switching logic will determine
when and if the BTR will close and supply
BUS INV BUS INV
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U

power to the electrical system.

V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF Normal switch position is push button
ON

OVRD
“OUT”.
BAT

To Manually isolate the BTR so that it

EMER BAT MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT
OFF
1
0
1
OFF is incapable of operating, the switch
DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2 must be depressed.
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF

EMERG
BAT SEL

MAIN
OFF

BTC
When the switch is depressed, a white
SHED
ISOL light will illuminate. This will
manually isolate both AC and DC
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

Bus Tie Relays.

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 SHED

The Bus Tie Contactor:

AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
STBY BUS
A Green Flow Bar is illuminated when
the BTR is closed and power is being
BUS INV BUS INV
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U

delivered across the contactor.

V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF

ON

OVRD
BAT

EMER BAT MAIN BAT

CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT
OFF 0 OFF
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 The Battery Protection Unit:
The BPU operates to isolate the hot
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2 battery bus from the associated DC
BUS INV
STBY BUS
BUS INV
Battery Bus.
OFF FAULT
O
V
U
N
OFF FAULT
It automatically opens the Battery Charge
INV 1 INV 2
Contactor (BCC) in any of the following
R D
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS situations.

OFF

1. Thermal Runaway
ON

OVRD

(excessive current increase)

BAT

EMER BAT MAIN BAT

CHG CHG

2. When the Engine Start Selector is

FAULT FAULT
OFF 0 OFF
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2 turned to initiate a start sequence.
3. Undervoltage of a main DC Bus
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF OFF
(<25 volts)
BAT SEL

EMERG MAIN BTC

DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
SHED
ISOL
4. BAT toggle switch placed in OVRD.
SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 FAULT
The Battery Protection Unit:

The BCC will FAULT for any of the

AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
STBY BUS
following reasons.
BUS INV BUS INV
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT

1. Battery Overheat (71 C)

O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS 2. Excess Battery Charge Current/

OFF

ON
Failure of the Charge Control
BAT
OVRD
System.
EMER BAT
CHG
MAIN BAT
CHG (150 amps for 90 or more seconds)
FAULT FAULT
OFF 0 OFF

3. A failure of the BCC to operate.

1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
2 DCH CH
2
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL OFF

EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

SHED

DC GEN 1
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 Battery Amperage Indicator:
The Bat Amp Indicator shows charge (CH)
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2 or discharge (DCH) of the selected
BUS INV
STBY BUS
BUS INV battery by switching of the toggle switch.
OFF FAULT OFF FAULT
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

OFF
The scale is numbered in reference to
ON

OVRD
amps x 100.
BAT

EMER BAT MAIN BAT

CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT 0
OFF 0 OFF 1 1
1 1

DC BUS 1 DC
DC BUS 2
2 DCH CH
2
DC
DC BUS DC BUS
OFF OFF
2 2
BAT SEL
DCH CH
EMERG MAIN BTC

SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS BAT SEL
ISOL

SHED
OFF
EMERG MAIN
DC GEN 1 EXT PWR DC GEN 2

FAULT AVAIL FAULT

OFF X START OFF
ON
FAIL
 O U
V N
R D
D /
V

Stand-by Bus and Inverter 1 OVRD:

This guarded switch is used when
AC BUS 1 AC BUS 2
operating in battery only mode. The main
STBY BUS
BUS INV
OFF FAULT
BUS INV
OFF FAULT
battery will be supplying power to the
DC Essential Bus, DC Stand-by Bus and
O U
V N
INV 1 R D INV 2
D /
V

EMER BUS ESS BUS

the AC Stand-by Bus through Inverter #1.
When the voltage sensed across the
OFF

ON

DC Stand-by bus is 19.5 volts, the

OVRD
BAT

amber Undervoltage (UND/V) light will

EMER BAT MAIN BAT
CHG CHG

FAULT FAULT
OFF
1
0
1
OFF illuminate
DC BUS 1 DC BUS 2
2 DCH
DC

CH
2 The override switch must then be pressed,
DC BUS
OFF BAT SEL
DC BUS
OFF switching the DC Stand-by Bus and
EMERG MAIN BTC
Inverter #1 to the Emergency Battery.
SHED
DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
ISOL

DC GEN 1
SHED
OFF EXT PWR DC GEN 2
* Switching must be accomplished prior
FAULT AVAIL FAULT to depleting the main battery below
X START
18 volts.
OFF ON OFF
FAIL
Bus Power Control Unit:
The Bus Power Control Unit is the switching logic that operates within
the electrical system. Two independent BPCUs control the AC and DC
systems, one for each system.

The BPCU can be powered by:

1. DC External Power

2. DC Emergency Bus

3. GCU #1 or #2 (provided the generators are operating)

Bus Power Control Unit:
The BPCU distributes and isolates buses by automatically controlling
the following contactors:

1. DC Bus Tie
2. Hot Emergency Battery Transfer Contactor (HEBTC), Hot Main Bat.
Transfer Contactor (HMBTC) and Main Battery Transfer Contactor
(MBTC). These contactors allow switching of the power source for
Emergency Bus, Essential Bus and the Stand-by bus as well as
Inverter #1.
3. DC Service Contactors (Service Select Relay (SSR) and Service Bus
Transfer Relay (STR)).
4. DC External Power Contactor

5. Utility Buses (UBC #1 or #2)

6. Battery Start Contactors (BSC #1 and #2)

Bus Power Control Unit:
If for any reason, the BPCU should fail, the result will be an opening of
the Bus Tie Contactor (BTC) and a closure of the Battery Start
Contactor (BSC).

Note:
Normal electrical operation will not be affected with the failure.
In addition, in-flight engine starting will remain unaffected. No other
normal system functions will be available.

In other words nothing will be effected until a failure is experienced.

However, no automatic corrective actions will take place.